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<body>
<div class="head">
<p>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
<img width="72" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" alt="W3C">
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="title" id="title">
JSON-LD
1.0
Processing
Algorithms
and
API
</h1>
<h2 id="w3c-last-call-working-draft-14-may-2013">
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
Last
Call
Working
Draft
<del class="diff-old">11
April
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">14
May
</ins>
2013
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>
This
version:
</dt>
<dd>
<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130411/
</del>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130514/">
<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130514/
</ins>
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
Latest
published
version:
</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
Latest
editor's
draft:
</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html">
http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api/index.html
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
Test
suite:
</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2013/json-ld-tests/">
http://www.w3.org/2013/json-ld-tests/
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
Previous
version:
</dt>
<dd>
<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-json-ld-api-20120712/
</del>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130411/">
<ins class="diff-chg">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130411/
</ins>
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
Editors:
</dt>
<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">
Markus
Lanthaler
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">
Graz
University
of
Technology
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
Gregg
Kellogg
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">
Kellogg
Associates
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dd rel="bibo:editor" inlist="">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://manu.sporny.org/">
Manu
Sporny
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
Digital
Bazaar
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dt>
Authors:
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Dave Longley" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
Dave
Longley
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
Digital
Bazaar
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Gregg Kellogg" href="http://greggkellogg.net/">
Gregg
Kellogg
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://kellogg-assoc.com/">
Kellogg
Associates
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Markus Lanthaler" href="http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/">
Markus
Lanthaler
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://www.tugraz.at/">
Graz
University
of
Technology
</a>
</span>
</dd>
<dd rel="dcterms:contributor">
<span typeof="foaf:Person">
<a rel="foaf:homepage" property="foaf:name" content="Manu Sporny" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
Manu
Sporny
</a>,
<a rel="foaf:workplaceHomepage" href="http://digitalbazaar.com/">
Digital
Bazaar
</a>
</span>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
This
document
is
also
available
in
this
non-normative
format:
<a rel="alternate" href="diff-20130411.html">
diff
to
previous
version
</a>
</p>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
Copyright
</a>
©
2010-2013
<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
</a>
<sup>
®
</sup>
(
<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/">
<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">
MIT
</abbr>
</a>,
<a href="http://www.ercim.eu/">
<abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">
ERCIM
</abbr>
</a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">
Keio
</a>,
<a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">
Beihang
</a>
),
All
Rights
Reserved.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
liability
</a>,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
trademark
</a>
and
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">
document
use
</a>
rules
apply.
</p>
<hr>
</div>
<section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dcterms:abstract" datatype="" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#abstract" rel="bibo:chapter">
<h2>
Abstract
</h2>
<p>
This
specification
defines
an
Application
Programming
Interface
(API)
and
a
set
of
algorithms
for
programmatic
transformations
of
JSON-LD
documents.
Restructuring
data
according
the
defined
transformations
often
dramatically
simplifies
its
usage.
</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd" class="introductory" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sotd" rel="bibo:chapter">
<h2>
Status
of
This
Document
</h2>
<p>
<em>
This
section
describes
the
status
of
this
document
at
the
time
of
its
publication.
Other
documents
may
supersede
this
document.
A
list
of
current
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
publications
and
the
latest
revision
of
this
technical
report
can
be
found
in
the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
technical
reports
index
</a>
at
http://www.w3.org/TR/.
</em>
</p>
<p>
This
document
has
been
under
development
for
over
<del class="diff-old">25
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">34
</ins>
months
in
the
JSON
for
Linking
Data
Community
Group.
The
document
has
recently
been
transferred
to
the
RDF
Working
Group
for
review,
improvement,
and
publication
along
the
Recommendation
track.
The
specification
has
undergone
significant
development,
review,
and
changes
during
the
course
of
the
last
<del class="diff-old">25
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">34
</ins>
months.
</p>
<p>
There
are
several
independent
<a href="http://json-ld.org/#impl">
interoperable
implementations
</a>
of
this
<del class="diff-old">specification
and
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">specification.
There
is
</ins>
a
fairly
complete
test
suite
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">
JSON-LD-TESTS
</a>
</cite>
<del class="diff-old">].
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">]
and
a
</ins><a href="http://json-ld.org/playground/"><ins class="diff-chg">
live
JSON-LD
editor
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
that
is
capable
of
demonstrating
the
features
described
in
this
document.
While
there
will
be
continuous
development
on
implementations,
the
test
suite,
and
the
live
editor,
they
are
believed
to
be
mature
enough
to
be
integrated
into
a
non-production
system
at
this
point
in
time.
There
is
an
expectation
that
they
could
be
used
in
a
production
system
within
the
next
three
months.
</ins></p><p><ins class="diff-chg">
There
are
a
number
of
ways
that
one
may
participate
in
the
development
of
this
specification:
</ins>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<ins class="diff-new">If
you
want
to
make
sure
that
your
feedback
is
formally
addressed
by
the
RDF
Working
Group,
you
should
send
it
to
public-rdf-comments:
</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/"><ins class="diff-new">
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
</ins></a></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Ad-hoc
technical
discussion
primarily
occurs
on
the
public
community
mailing
list:
</ins><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/"><ins class="diff-new">
public-linked-json@w3.org
</ins></a></li><li><a href="http://json-ld.org/minutes/"><ins class="diff-new">
Public
JSON-LD
Community
Group
teleconferences
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
are
held
on
Tuesdays
at
1400UTC
every
week.
Participation
is
open
to
the
public.
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
RDF
Working
Group
teleconferences
are
held
on
Wednesdays
at
1500UTC
every
week.
Participation
is
limited
to
RDF
Working
Group
members.
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Specification
bugs
and
issues
should
be
reported
in
the
</ins><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/issues"><ins class="diff-new">
issue
tracker
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
if
you
do
not
want
to
send
an
email
to
the
public-rdf-comments
mailing
list.
</ins></li><li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org/tree/main/spec"><ins class="diff-new">
Source
code
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
for
the
specification
can
be
found
on
Github.
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
The
</ins><a href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=json-ld"><ins class="diff-new">
#json-ld
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
IRC
channel
is
available
for
real-time
discussion
on
irc.freenode.net.
</ins></li></ul><p><ins class="diff-new">
This
is
a
second
Last
Call
Working
Draft
for
this
document.
Changes
since
the
</ins><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-api-20130411/"><ins class="diff-new">
11
April
2013
Last
Call
Working
Draft
</ins></a>:</p><ul><li><ins class="diff-new">
Use
of
DOM
Futures
instead
of
callbacks
in
the
Application
Programming
Interface
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Processing
of
terms
that
are
redefined
to
themselves
without
raising
an
</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
cyclic
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
mapping
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
error
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Raise
an
</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping"><ins class="diff-new">
invalid
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
mapping
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
error
if
relative
URLs
are
used
in
term
definitions
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Support
lists
of
lists
when
converting
from
RDF
to
JSON-LD
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Support
for
relative
URLs
in
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
@base
</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
and
documents
that
do
not
have
a
base
value.
</ins></li></ul>
<p>
This
document
was
published
by
the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/">
RDF
Working
Group
</a>
as
a
Last
Call
Working
Draft.
This
document
is
intended
to
become
a
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
Recommendation.
If
you
wish
to
make
comments
regarding
this
document,
please
send
them
to
<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
</a>
(
<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">
subscribe
</a>,
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-rdf-comments/">
archives
</a>
).
The
Last
Call
period
ends
<del class="diff-old">10
May
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">04
June
</ins>
2013.
All
comments
are
welcome.
</p>
<del class="diff-old">The
Working
Group
welcomes
reports
of
implementations,
sent
to
the
comments
address.
If
we
gather
sufficient
evidence
of
interoperable
implementations,
the
group
may
request
to
skip
Call
for
Implementations
(Candidate
Recommendation)
drafts
and
have
the
next
round
of
publications
be
Proposed
Recommendations.
</del>
<p>
Publication
as
a
Last
Call
Working
Draft
does
not
imply
endorsement
by
the
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
Membership.
This
is
a
draft
document
and
may
be
updated,
replaced
or
obsoleted
by
other
documents
at
any
time.
It
is
inappropriate
to
cite
this
document
as
other
than
work
in
progress.
</p>
<p>
This
is
a
Last
Call
Working
Draft
and
thus
the
Working
Group
has
determined
that
this
document
has
satisfied
the
relevant
technical
requirements
and
is
sufficiently
stable
to
advance
through
the
Technical
Recommendation
process.
</p>
<p>
This
document
was
produced
by
a
group
operating
under
the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">
5
February
2004
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
Patent
Policy
</a>.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
maintains
a
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/46168/status" rel="disclosure">
public
list
of
any
patent
disclosures
</a>
made
in
connection
with
the
deliverables
of
the
group;
that
page
also
includes
instructions
for
disclosing
a
patent.
An
individual
who
has
actual
knowledge
of
a
patent
which
the
individual
believes
contains
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">
Essential
Claim(s)
</a>
must
disclose
the
information
in
accordance
with
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">
section
6
of
the
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">
W3C
</abbr>
Patent
Policy
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section id="toc">
<h2 class="introductory">
Table
of
Contents
</h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#introduction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
1.
</span>
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#features" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
2.
</span>
Features
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#expansion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
2.1
</span>
Expansion
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
2.2
</span>
Compaction
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#flattening" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
2.3
</span>
Flattening
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
2.4
</span>
RDF
Conversion
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#conformance" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
3.
</span>
Conformance
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#general-terminology" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
4.
</span>
General
Terminology
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#algorithm-terms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
5.
</span>
Algorithm
Terms
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#context-processing-algorithms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
6.
</span>
Context
Processing
Algorithms
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
6.1
</span>
Context
Processing
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#create-term-definition" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
6.2
</span>
Create
Term
Definition
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#iri-expansion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
6.3
</span>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#expansion-algorithms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
7.
</span>
Expansion
Algorithms
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#expansion-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
7.1
</span>
Expansion
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#value-expansion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
7.2
</span>
Value
Expansion
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#compaction-algorithms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.
</span>
Compaction
Algorithms
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#compaction-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.1
</span>
Compaction
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#inverse-context-creation" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.2
</span>
Inverse
Context
Creation
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#iri-compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.3
</span>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#term-selection" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.4
</span>
Term
Selection
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#value-compaction" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
8.5
</span>
Value
Compaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#flattening-algorithms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
9.
</span>
Flattening
Algorithms
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#flattening-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
9.1
</span>
Flattening
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#node-map-generation" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
9.2
</span>
Node
Map
Generation
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
9.3
</span>
Generate
Blank
Node
Identifier
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-conversion-algorithms" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.
</span>
RDF
Conversion
Algorithms
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.1
</span>
Convert
to
RDF
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.2
</span>
Object
to
RDF
Conversion
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.3
</span>
List
to
RDF
Conversion
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.4
</span>
Convert
from
RDF
Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.5
</span>
RDF
to
Object
Conversion
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#data-round-tripping" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
10.6
</span>
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#the-application-programming-interface" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
11.
</span>
The
Application
Programming
Interface
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#the-jsonldprocessor-interface" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
11.1
</span>
The
<span class="formerLink">
<code>
JsonLdProcessor
</code>
</span>
Interface
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#the-jsonldoptions-type" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
11.2
</span>
<del class="diff-old">Callbacks
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">The
</ins><span class="formerLink"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
JsonLdOptions
</ins></code></span><ins class="diff-chg">
Type
</ins>
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#remote-context-retrieval" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
11.3
</span>
<del class="diff-old">Data
Structures
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Remote
Context
Retrieval
</ins></a></li><li class="tocline"><a href="#error-handling" class="tocxref"><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
11.4
</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
Error
Handling
</ins>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
A.
</span>
Acknowledgements
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#references" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
B.
</span>
References
</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
B.1
</span>
Normative
references
</a>
</li>
<li class="tocline">
<a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref">
<span class="secno">
B.2
</span>
Informative
references
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="introduction">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
1.
</span>
Introduction
</h2>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
This
document
is
a
detailed
specification
for
an
Application
Programming
Interface
for
the
JSON-LD
syntax.
The
document
is
primarily
intended
for
the
following
audiences:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Developers
who
want
an
overview
of
the
JSON-LD
API.
</li>
<li>
Web
authors
and
developers
who
want
a
very
detailed
view
of
how
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processor
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
JSON-LD
API
Implementation
</a>
operates.
</li>
<li>
Software
developers
who
want
to
implement
the
algorithms
to
transform
JSON-LD
documents.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
To
understand
the
basics
in
this
specification
you
must
first
be
familiar
with
JSON,
which
is
detailed
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
RFC4627
</a>
</cite>
].
You
must
also
understand
the
JSON-LD
syntax
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
],
which
is
the
base
syntax
used
by
all
of
the
algorithms
in
this
document.
To
understand
the
API
and
how
it
is
intended
to
operate
in
a
programming
environment,
it
is
useful
to
have
working
knowledge
of
the
JavaScript
programming
language
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-ECMA-262">
ECMA-262
</a>
</cite>
]
and
WebIDL
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-WEBIDL">
WEBIDL
</a>
</cite>
].
To
understand
how
JSON-LD
maps
to
RDF,
it
is
helpful
to
be
familiar
with
the
basic
RDF
concepts
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="features">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
2.
</span>
Features
</h2>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
JSON-LD
Syntax
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
]
defines
a
syntax
to
express
Linked
Data
in
JSON.
Because
there
is
more
than
one
way
to
express
Linked
Data
using
this
syntax,
it
is
often
useful
to
be
able
to
transform
JSON-LD
documents
so
that
they
may
be
more
easily
consumed
by
specific
applications.
</p>
<p>
JSON-LD
uses
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
contexts
</a>
to
allow
Linked
Data
to
be
expressed
in
a
way
that
is
specifically
tailored
to
a
particular
person
or
application.
By
providing
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>,
JSON
data
can
be
expressed
in
a
way
that
is
a
natural
fit
for
a
particular
person
or
application
whilst
also
indicating
how
the
data
should
be
understood
at
a
global
scale.
In
order
for
people
or
applications
to
share
data
that
was
created
using
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
that
is
different
from
their
own,
a
JSON-LD
processor
must
be
able
to
transform
a
document
from
one
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
to
another.
Instead
of
requiring
JSON-LD
processors
to
write
specific
code
for
every
imaginable
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
switching
scenario,
it
is
much
easier
to
specify
a
single
algorithm
that
can
remove
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>.
Similarly,
another
algorithm
can
be
specified
to
subsequently
apply
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>.
These
two
algorithms
represent
the
most
basic
transformations
of
JSON-LD
documents.
They
are
referred
to
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expansion
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compaction
</a>,
respectively.
</p>
<p>
There
are
four
major
types
of
transformation
that
are
discussed
in
this
document:
expansion,
compaction,
flattening,
and
RDF
conversion.
</p>
<section class="informative" id="expansion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
2.1
</span>
Expansion
</h3>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
algorithm
that
removes
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
is
called
<dfn title="expansion" id="dfn-expansion">
expansion
</dfn>.
Before
performing
any
other
transformations
on
a
JSON-LD
document,
it
is
easiest
to
remove
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
from
it
and
to
make
data
structures
more
regular.
</p>
<p>
To
get
an
idea
of
how
context
and
data
structuring
affects
the
same
data,
here
is
an
example
of
JSON-LD
that
uses
only
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
and
is
fairly
compact:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 1</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;,
    &quot;homepage&quot;: {
      &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;,
      &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;@id&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
    "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
    "homepage": {
      "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
      "@type": "@id"
</ins>
    }
  },
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
  &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot;,
  &quot;homepage&quot;: &quot;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
  "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
  "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
</ins>
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The
next
input
example
uses
one
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
to
express
a
property
and
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
to
encapsulate
another,
but
leaves
the
rest
of
the
information
untouched.
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 2</span>: Sample JSON-LD document using an IRI instead of a term to express a property</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
</ins>    <span class="diff">"website": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"</span>
  },
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
  &quot;&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot;,
  
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
  "<span class="diff">http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name</span>": "Markus Lanthaler",
</ins>  <span class="diff">"website"</span>: <span class="diff">{ "@id":</span> "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" <span class="diff">}</span>
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Note
that
both
inputs
are
valid
JSON-LD
and
both
represent
the
same
information.
The
difference
is
in
their
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
information
and
in
the
data
structures
used.
A
JSON-LD
processor
can
remove
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
and
ensure
that
the
data
is
more
regular
by
employing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expansion
</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
Expansion
</a>
has
two
important
goals:
removing
any
contextual
information
from
the
document,
and
ensuring
all
values
are
represented
in
a
regular
form.
These
goals
are
accomplished
by
expanding
all
properties
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
IRIs
</a>
and
by
expressing
all
values
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
arrays
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>.
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
Expanded
form
</a>
is
the
most
verbose
and
regular
way
of
expressing
of
values
in
JSON-LD;
all
contextual
information
from
the
document
is
instead
stored
locally
with
each
value.
Running
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>
(
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-Future-any-input-JsonLdOptions-options">
expand
</a>
</code>
operation)
against
the
above
examples
results
in
the
following
output:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 3</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
  {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;: [
      { &quot;@value&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
      { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
</ins>
    ],
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;: [
      { &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
      { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
</ins>
    ]
  }
]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Note
that
in
the
output
above
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
definitions
have
been
removed,
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>
have
been
expanded
to
absolute
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>,
and
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
values
</a>
are
expressed
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
arrays
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>.
While
the
output
is
more
verbose
and
difficult
for
a
human
to
read,
it
establishes
a
baseline
that
makes
JSON-LD
processing
easier
because
of
its
very
regular
structure.
</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="compaction">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
2.2
</span>
Compaction
</h3>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
While
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expansion
</a>
removes
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
from
a
given
input,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compaction's
</a>
primary
function
is
to
perform
the
opposite
operation:
to
express
a
given
input
according
to
a
particular
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>.
<dfn title="compaction" id="dfn-compaction">
Compaction
</dfn>
applies
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
that
specifically
tailors
the
way
information
is
expressed
for
a
particular
person
or
application.
This
simplifies
applications
that
consume
JSON
or
JSON-LD
by
expressing
the
data
in
application-specific
terms,
and
it
makes
the
data
easier
to
read
by
humans.
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
Compaction
</a>
uses
a
developer-supplied
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
to
shorten
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
values
</a>
expressed
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>
to
simple
values
such
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>.
</p>
<p>
For
example,
assume
the
following
expanded
JSON-LD
input
document:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 4</span>: Expanded sample document</div><pre class="example">[
  {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;: [
      { &quot;@value&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
      { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
</ins>
    ],
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;: [
      { &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
      { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
</ins>
    ]
  }
]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Additionally,
assume
the
following
developer-supplied
JSON-LD
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 5</span>: JSON-LD context</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;,
    &quot;homepage&quot;: {
      &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;,
      &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;@id&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
    "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
    "homepage": {
      "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
      "@type": "@id"
</ins>
    }
  }
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Running
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
Algorithm
</a>
(
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">
compact
</a>
</code>
operation)
given
the
context
supplied
above
against
the
JSON-LD
input
document
provided
above
would
result
in
the
following
output:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 6</span>: Compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;,
    &quot;homepage&quot;: {
      &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;,
      &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;@id&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
    "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
    "homepage": {
      "@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
      "@type": "@id"
</ins>
    }
  },
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
  &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot;,
  &quot;homepage&quot;: &quot;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
  "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
  "homepage": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/"
</ins>
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Note
that
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
have
been
compacted
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
as
specified
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>,
which
has
been
injected
into
the
output.
While
compacted
output
is
useful
to
humans,
it
is
also
used
to
generate
structures
that
are
easy
to
program
against.
Compaction
enables
developers
to
map
any
expanded
document
into
an
application-specific
compacted
document.
While
the
context
provided
above
mapped
<code>
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
</code>
to
<code>
name
</code>,
it
could
also
have
been
mapped
to
any
other
term
provided
by
the
developer.
</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="flattening">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
2.3
</span>
Flattening
</h3>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
While
expansion
ensures
that
a
document
is
in
a
uniform
structure,
flattening
goes
a
step
further
to
ensure
that
the
shape
of
the
data
is
deterministic.
In
expanded
documents,
the
properties
of
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
may
be
spread
across
a
number
of
different
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
objects
</a>.
By
flattening
a
document,
all
properties
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
are
collected
in
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
and
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
nodes
</a>
are
labeled
with
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
This
may
drastically
simplify
the
code
required
to
process
JSON-LD
data
in
certain
applications.
</p>
<p>
For
example,
assume
the
following
JSON-LD
input
document:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 7</span>: Sample JSON-LD document</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;,
    &quot;knows&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
    "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
    "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
</ins>
  },
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
  &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot;,
  &quot;knows&quot;: [
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
  "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
  "knows": [
</ins>
    {
<del class="diff-old">      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Dave Longley&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">      "name": "Dave Longley"
</ins>
    }
  ]
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Running
the
<a href="#flattening-algorithm">
Flattening
algorithm
</a>
(
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">
flatten
</a>
</code>
operation)
with
a
context
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
to
prevent
compaction
returns
the
following
document:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 8</span>: Flattened sample document in expanded form</div><pre class="example">[
  {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;_:t0&quot;,
    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;: [
      { &quot;@value&quot;: &quot;Dave Longley&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "@id": "_:t0",
    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
      { "@value": "Dave Longley" }
</ins>
    ]
  },
  {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;: [
      { &quot;@value&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
      { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
</ins>
    ],
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows&quot;: [
      { &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;_:t0&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows": [
      { "@id": "_:t0" }
</ins>
    ]
  }
]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Note
how
in
the
output
above
all
properties
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
are
collected
in
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
and
how
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
representing
<del class="diff-old">&quot;Dave
Longley&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"Dave
Longley"
</ins>
has
been
assigned
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
<code>
_:t0
</code>.
</p>
<p>
To
make
it
easier
for
humans
to
read
or
for
certain
applications
to
process
it,
a
flattened
document
can
be
compacted
by
passing
a
context.
Using
the
same
context
as
the
input
document,
the
flattened
and
compacted
document
looks
as
follows:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 9</span>: Flattened and compacted sample document</div><pre class="example">{
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@context&quot;: {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;,
    &quot;knows&quot;: &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@context": {
    "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
    "knows": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows"
</ins>
  },
<del class="diff-old">  &quot;@graph&quot;: [
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">  "@graph": [
</ins>
    {
<del class="diff-old">      &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;_:t0&quot;,
      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Dave Longley&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">      "@id": "_:t0",
      "name": "Dave Longley"
</ins>
    },
    {
<del class="diff-old">      &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot;,
      &quot;knows&quot;: { &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;_:t0&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">      "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
      "name": "Markus Lanthaler",
      "knows": { "@id": "_:t0" }
</ins>
    }
  ]
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Please
note
that
the
result
of
flattening
and
compacting
a
document
is
always
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
which
contains
an
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
that
represents
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="rdf-conversion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
2.4
</span>
RDF
Conversion
</h3>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
JSON-LD
can
be
used
to
serialize
data
expressed
in
RDF
as
described
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
This
ensures
that
data
can
be
round-tripped
to
and
from
any
RDF
syntax
without
any
loss
in
fidelity.
</p>
<p>
For
example,
assume
the
following
RDF
input
serialized
in
Turtle
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-TURTLE">
TURTLE
</a>
</cite>
]:
</p>
<del class="diff-old">    &lt;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&gt; &lt;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&gt; &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot; .
</del>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 10</span>: Sample Turtle document</div><pre class="example">&lt;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&gt; &lt;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&gt; "Markus Lanthaler" .
&lt;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&gt;
&lt;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&gt;
&lt;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&gt;
.
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Using
the
<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
Convert
from
RDF
algorithm
</a>
a
developer
could
transform
this
document
into
expanded
JSON-LD:
</p>
    <div class="example"><div class="example-title"><span>Example 11</span>: Sample Turtle document converted to JSON-LD</div><pre class="example">[
  {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot;,
    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name&quot;: [
      { &quot;@value&quot;: &quot;Markus Lanthaler&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "@id": "http://me.markus-lanthaler.com/",
    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
      { "@value": "Markus Lanthaler" }
</ins>
    ],
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage&quot;: [
      { &quot;@id&quot;: &quot;http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/&quot; }
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage": [
      { "@id": "http://www.markus-lanthaler.com/" }
</ins>
    ]
  }
]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Note
that
the
output
above
could
easily
be
compacted
using
the
technique
outlined
in
the
previous
section.
It
is
also
possible
to
transform
the
JSON-LD
document
back
to
RDF
using
the
<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
Convert
to
RDF
algorithm
</a>.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="conformance">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
3.
</span>
Conformance
</h2>
<p>
All
examples
and
notes
as
well
as
sections
marked
as
non-normative
in
this
specification
are
non-normative.
Everything
else
in
this
specification
is
normative.
</p>
<p>
The
keywords
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
MUST
NOT
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="REQUIRED">
REQUIRED
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD">
SHOULD
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="SHOULD NOT">
SHOULD
NOT
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="RECOMMENDED">
RECOMMENDED
</em>,
<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">
MAY
</em>,
and
<em class="rfc2119" title="OPTIONAL">
OPTIONAL
</em>
in
this
specification
are
to
be
interpreted
as
described
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">
RFC2119
</a>
</cite>
].
</p>
<p>
There
are
three
classes
of
products
that
can
claim
conformance
to
this
specification:
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processors
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
JSON-LD
API
Implementations
</a>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-rdf-converter" href="#dfn-json-ld-rdf-converter">
JSON-LD-RDF
Converters
</a>.
</p>
<p>
A
conforming
<dfn title="json-ld-processor" id="dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processor
</dfn>
is
a
system
which
can
perform
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
</a>,
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
</a>,
and
<a href="#flattening-algorithm">
Flattening
</a>
operations
defined
in
this
specification.
</p>
<p>
A
conforming
<dfn title="json-ld-api-implementation" id="dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
JSON-LD
API
Implementation
</dfn>
is
a
conforming
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processor
</a>
that
exposes
the
<a href="#the-application-programming-interface">
Application
Programming
Interface
(API)
</a>
defined
in
this
specification.
It
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>
implement
the
<code>
json-ld-1.0
</code>
processing
mode
(for
further
details,
see
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">
processingMode
</a>
</code>
option
of
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
).
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processors
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
API
Implementations
</a>
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
MUST
NOT
</em>
attempt
to
correct
malformed
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
or
language
tags;
however,
they
<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">
MAY
</em>
issue
validation
warnings.
IRIs
are
not
modified
other
than
converted
between
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">
relative
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
IRIs
</a>.
</p>
<p>
A
conforming
<dfn title="json-ld-rdf-converter" id="dfn-json-ld-rdf-converter">
JSON-LD-RDF
Converter
</dfn>
is
a
system
that
can
perform
<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
Conversion
to
RDF
</a>
and
<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
Conversion
from
RDF
</a>.
</p>
<p>
The
algorithms
in
this
specification
are
generally
written
with
more
concern
for
clarity
than
efficiency.
Thus,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-processor" href="#dfn-json-ld-processor">
JSON-LD
Processors
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
API
Implementations
</a>
may
implement
the
algorithms
given
in
this
specification
in
any
way
desired,
so
long
as
the
end
result
is
indistinguishable
from
the
result
that
would
be
obtained
by
the
specification's
algorithms.
</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="note-title" role="heading" aria-level="3">
<span>
Note
</span>
</div>
<p class="">
Implementers
can
partially
check
their
level
of
conformance
to
this
specification
by
successfully
passing
the
test
cases
of
the
JSON-LD
test
suite
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">
JSON-LD-TESTS
</a>
</cite>
].
Note,
however,
that
passing
all
the
tests
in
the
test
suite
does
not
imply
complete
conformance
to
this
specification.
It
only
implies
that
the
implementation
conforms
to
aspects
tested
by
the
test
suite.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="general-terminology">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
4.
</span>
General
Terminology
</h2>
<p>
This
document
uses
the
following
terms
as
defined
in
JSON
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
RFC4627
</a>
</cite>
].
Refer
to
the
<em>
JSON
Grammar
</em>
section
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
RFC4627
</a>
</cite>
]
for
formal
definitions.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<dfn title="json-object" id="dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
An
object
structure
is
represented
as
a
pair
of
curly
brackets
surrounding
zero
or
more
key-value
pairs.
A
key
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>.
A
single
colon
comes
after
each
key,
separating
the
key
from
the
value.
A
single
comma
separates
a
value
from
a
following
key.
In
contrast
to
JSON,
in
JSON-LD
the
keys
in
an
object
must
be
unique.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="array" id="dfn-array">
array
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
An
array
structure
is
represented
as
square
brackets
surrounding
zero
or
more
values.
Values
are
separated
by
commas.
In
JSON,
an
array
is
an
<em>
ordered
</em>
sequence
of
zero
or
more
values.
While
JSON-LD
uses
the
same
array
representation
as
JSON,
the
collection
is
<em>
unordered
</em>
by
default.
While
order
is
preserved
in
regular
JSON
arrays,
it
is
not
in
regular
JSON-LD
arrays
unless
specifically
defined
(see
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#sets-and-lists">
Sets
and
Lists
</a>
</cite>
in
the
JSON-LD
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
]).
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="string" id="dfn-string">
string
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
string
is
a
sequence
of
zero
or
more
Unicode
characters,
wrapped
in
double
quotes,
using
backslash
escapes
(if
necessary).
A
character
is
represented
as
a
single
character
string.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="number" id="dfn-number">
number
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
number
is
similar
to
that
used
in
most
programming
languages,
except
that
the
octal
and
hexadecimal
formats
are
not
used
and
that
leading
zeros
are
not
allowed.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="true" id="dfn-true">
true
</dfn>
and
<dfn title="false" id="dfn-false">
false
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Values
that
are
used
to
express
one
of
two
possible
boolean
states.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="null" id="dfn-null">
null
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
value.
A
key-value
pair
in
the
<code>
@context
</code>
where
the
value,
or
the
<code>
@id
</code>
of
the
value,
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
explicitly
decouples
a
term's
association
with
an
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>.
A
key-value
pair
in
the
body
of
a
JSON-LD
document
whose
value
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
has
the
same
meaning
as
if
the
key-value
pair
was
not
defined.
If
<code>
@value
</code>,
<code>
@list
</code>,
or
<code>
@set
</code>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
in
expanded
form,
then
the
entire
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
is
ignored.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Furthermore,
the
following
terminology
is
used
throughout
this
document:
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<dfn title="keyword" id="dfn-keyword">
keyword
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
JSON
key
that
is
specific
to
JSON-LD,
specified
in
the
section
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#syntax-tokens-and-keywords">
Syntax
Tokens
and
Keywords
</a>
</cite>
of
the
JSON-LD
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="context" id="dfn-context">
context
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
set
of
rules
for
interpreting
a
JSON-LD
document
as
specified
in
the
section
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#the-context">
The
Context
</a>
</cite>
of
the
JSON-LD
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="json-ld-document" id="dfn-json-ld-document">
JSON-LD
document
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-document" href="#dfn-json-ld-document">
JSON-LD
document
</a>
is
a
serialization
of
a
collection
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
JSON-LD
graphs
</a>
and
comprises
exactly
one
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>
and
zero
or
more
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">
named
graphs
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="named-graph" id="dfn-named-graph">
named
graph
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
named
graph
is
a
pair
consisting
of
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
(the
<dfn title="graph-name" id="dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</dfn>
)
and
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
JSON-LD
graph
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="default-graph" id="dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
default
graph
is
the
only
graph
in
a
JSON-LD
document
which
has
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="json-ld-graph" id="dfn-json-ld-graph">
JSON-LD
graph
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
labeled
directed
graph,
i.e.,
a
set
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
nodes
</a>
connected
by
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">
edges
</a>,
as
specified
in
the
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#data-model">
Data
Model
</a>
</cite>
section
of
the
JSON-LD
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON-LD">
JSON-LD
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="edge" id="dfn-edge">
edge
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Every
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">
edge
</a>
has
a
direction
associated
with
it
and
is
labeled
with
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
Within
the
JSON-LD
syntax
these
edge
labels
are
called
<dfn title="property" id="dfn-property">
properties
</dfn>.
Whenever
possible,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="edge" href="#dfn-edge">
edge
</a>
should
be
labeled
with
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="node" id="dfn-node">
node
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Every
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
value
</a>,
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="iri" id="dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
An
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
(Internationalized
Resource
Identifier)
is
a
string
that
conforms
to
the
syntax
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="absolute-iri" id="dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
An
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
is
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
</a>
</cite>
]
containing
a
<em>
scheme
</em>
along
with
a
<em>
path
</em>
and
optional
<em>
query
</em>
and
fragment
segments.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="relative-iri" id="dfn-relative-iri">
relative
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
relative
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
is
an
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
that
is
relative
some
other
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
;
in
the
case
of
JSON-LD
this
is
the
base
location
of
the
document.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="blank-node" id="dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
JSON-LD
graph
</a>
that
is
neither
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
nor
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
value
</a>,
nor
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="blank-node-identifier" id="dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
blank
node
identifier
is
a
string
that
can
be
used
as
an
identifier
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
within
the
scope
of
a
JSON-LD
document.
Blank
node
identifiers
begin
with
<code>
_:
</code>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="json-ld-value" id="dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
value
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
value
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">
typed
value
</a>,
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string">
language-tagged
string
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="typed-value" id="dfn-typed-value">
typed
value
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">
typed
value
</a>
consists
of
a
value,
which
is
a
string,
and
a
type,
which
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="language-tagged-string" id="dfn-language-tagged-string">
language-tagged
string
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="#dfn-language-tagged-string">
language-tagged
string
</a>
consists
of
a
string
and
a
non-empty
language
tag
as
defined
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">
BCP47
</a>
</cite>
].
The
language
tag
must
be
well-formed
according
to
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47#section-2.2.9">
section
2.2.9
Classes
of
Conformance
</a>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-BCP47">
BCP47
</a>
</cite>
],
and
is
normalized
to
lowercase.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="list" id="dfn-list">
list
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>
is
an
ordered
sequence
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
nodes
</a>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
values
</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="algorithm-terms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
5.
</span>
Algorithm
Terms
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>
<dfn title="active-graph" id="dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
name
of
the
currently
active
graph
that
the
processor
should
use
when
processing.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="active-subject" id="dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
currently
active
subject
that
the
processor
should
use
when
processing.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="active-property" id="dfn-active-property">
active
property
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
currently
active
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
that
the
processor
should
use
when
processing.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="active-context" id="dfn-active-context">
active
context
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
context
that
is
used
to
resolve
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
while
the
processing
algorithm
is
running.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="local-context" id="dfn-local-context">
local
context
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
context
that
is
specified
within
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
specified
via
the
<code>
@context
</code>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="json-ld-input" id="dfn-json-ld-input">
JSON-LD
input
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The
JSON-LD
data
structure
that
is
provided
as
input
to
the
algorithm.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="term" id="dfn-term">
term
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
is
a
short
word
defined
in
a
context
that
may
be
expanded
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="compact-iri" id="dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
has
the
form
of
<dfn title="prefix" id="dfn-prefix">
prefix
</dfn>:
<em>
suffix
</em>
and
is
used
as
a
way
of
expressing
an
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
without
needing
to
define
separate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
definitions
for
each
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
contained
within
a
common
vocabulary
identified
by
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="node-object" id="dfn-node-object">
node
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
represents
zero
or
more
properties
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
JSON-LD
graph
</a>
serialized
by
the
JSON-LD
document.
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
if
it
exists
outside
of
the
JSON-LD
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
and:
<ul>
<li>
it
does
not
contain
the
<code>
@value
</code>,
<code>
@list
</code>,
or
<code>
@set
</code>
keywords,
or
</li>
<li>
it
is
not
the
top-most
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
in
the
JSON-LD
document
consisting
of
no
other
members
than
<code>
@graph
</code>
and
<code>
@context
</code>.
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="value-object" id="dfn-value-object">
value
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
that
has
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="list-object" id="dfn-list-object">
list
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
that
has
an
<code>
@list
</code>
member.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="set-object" id="dfn-set-object">
set
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="set-object" href="#dfn-set-object">
set
object
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
that
has
an
<code>
@set
</code>
member.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="scalar" id="dfn-scalar">
scalar
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
scalar
is
either
a
JSON
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>.
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="rdf-subject" id="dfn-rdf-subject">
RDF
subject
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="subject" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-subject">
subject
</a>
as
specified
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="rdf-predicate" id="dfn-rdf-predicate">
RDF
predicate
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="predicate" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-predicate">
predicate
</a>
as
specified
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="rdf-object" id="dfn-rdf-object">
RDF
object
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
An
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">
object
</a>
as
specified
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="rdf-triple" id="dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triple
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
as
specified
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</dd>
<dt>
<dfn title="rdf-dataset" id="dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
A
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="dataset" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-dataset">
dataset
</a>
as
specified
by
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
]
representing
a
collection
of
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-graphs" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-graph">
RDF
graphs
</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="context-processing-algorithms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
6.
</span>
Context
Processing
Algorithms
</h2>
<section id="context-processing-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
6.1
</span>
Context
Processing
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
When
processing
a
JSON-LD
data
structure,
each
processing
rule
is
applied
using
information
provided
by
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
This
section
describes
how
to
produce
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
contains
the
active
<dfn title="term-definition" id="dfn-term-definition">
term
definitions
</dfn>
which
specify
how
properties
and
values
have
to
be
interpreted
as
well
as
the
current
<dfn title="base-iri" id="dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</dfn>,
the
<dfn title="vocabulary-mapping" id="dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</dfn>
and
the
<dfn title="default-language" id="dfn-default-language">
default
language
</dfn>.
Each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
consists
of
an
<dfn title="iri-mapping" id="dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</dfn>,
a
boolean
flag
<dfn title="reverse-property" id="dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</dfn>,
an
optional
<dfn title="type-mapping" id="dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</dfn>
or
<dfn title="language-mapping" id="dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</dfn>,
and
an
optional
<dfn title="container-mapping" id="dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</dfn>.
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
can
not
only
be
used
to
map
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
to
an
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>,
but
also
to
map
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>,
in
which
case
it
is
referred
to
as
a
<dfn title="keyword-alias" id="dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
alias
</dfn>.
</p>
<p>
When
processing,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
initialized
without
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definitions
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>.
If
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
encountered
during
processing,
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
created
by
cloning
the
existing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
Then
the
information
from
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
merged
into
the
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
Given
that
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
contexts
</a>
may
contain
references
to
remote
contexts,
this
includes
their
retrieval.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
First
we
prepare
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
<i>
result
</i>
by
cloning
the
current
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
Then
we
normalize
the
form
of
the
passed
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
Local
contexts
</a>
may
be
in
the
form
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
or
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
a
combination
of
the
two.
Finally
we
process
each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
contained
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
as
follows.
</p>
<p>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
it
represents
a
reference
to
a
remote
context.
We
dereference
the
remote
context
and
replace
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
with
the
value
of
the
<code>
@context
</code>
key
of
the
top-level
object
in
the
retrieved
JSON-LD
document.
If
there's
no
such
key,
an
invalid
remote
context
has
been
detected.
Otherwise,
we
process
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
by
recursively
using
this
algorithm
ensuring
that
there
is
no
cyclical
reference.
</p>
<p>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
we
first
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>
by
processing
three
specific
keywords:
<code>
@base
</code>,
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
and
<code>
@language
</code>.
These
are
handled
before
any
other
keys
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
because
they
affect
how
the
other
keys
are
processed.
<ins class="diff-new">Please
note
that
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
@base
</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
is
ignored
when
processing
remote
contexts.
</ins>
</p>
<p>
Then,
for
every
other
key
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
we
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
<i>
result
</i>.
Since
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definitions
</a>
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
may
themselves
contain
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>,
we
may
need
to
recurse.
When
doing
so,
we
must
ensure
that
there
is
no
cyclical
dependency,
which
is
an
error.
After
we
have
processed
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
dependencies,
we
update
the
current
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>,
which
may
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
alias
</a>.
</p>
<p>
Finally,
we
return
<i>
result
</i>
as
the
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
This
algorithm
specifies
how
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
updated
with
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
The
algorithm
takes
three
input
variables:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
and
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
remote
contexts
</i>
which
is
used
to
detect
cyclical
context
inclusions.
If
<i>
remote
contexts
</i>
is
not
passed,
it
is
initialized
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
result
</i>
to
the
result
of
cloning
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
item
<i>
context
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
a
newly-initialized
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
continue
with
the
next
<i>
context
</i>.
<ins class="diff-new">The
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
active
context
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
is
set
to
the
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
currently
being
processed
document
(which
might
be
different
from
the
currently
being
processed
context),
if
available;
otherwise
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
If
set,
the
</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-new">
compactArrays
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
option
of
a
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation"><ins class="diff-new">
JSON-LD
API
Implementation
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
overrides
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Set
<i>
context
</i>
to
the
result
of
resolving
<i>
value
</i>
against
the
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
which
is
established
as
specified
in
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.1">
section
5.1
Establishing
a
Base
URI
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">
RFC3986
</a>
</cite>
].
Only
the
basic
algorithm
in
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">
section
5.2
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">
RFC3986
</a>
</cite>
]
is
used;
neither
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2">
Syntax-Based
Normalization
</a>
</cite>
nor
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3">
Scheme-Based
Normalization
</a>
</cite>
are
performed.
Characters
additionally
allowed
in
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
references
are
treated
in
the
same
way
that
unreserved
characters
are
treated
in
URI
references,
per
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5">
section
6.5
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
</a>
</cite>
].
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
is
in
the
<i>
remote
contexts
</i>
array,
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion">
recursive
context
inclusion
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted;
otherwise,
add
<i>
context
</i>
to
<i>
remote
contexts
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Initialize
context
no
base
to
the
result
of
cloning
the
active
context
.
Remove
the
base
IRI
of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Dereference
</ins>
<i>
context
<del class="diff-old">no
base
</del>
</i>.
<del class="diff-old">Dereference
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">If
</ins>
<i>
context
<del class="diff-old">.
</del>
</i>
<ins class="diff-chg">cannot
be
dereferenced,
a
</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed"><ins class="diff-chg">
loading
remote
context
failed
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-chg">
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</ins>
If
the
dereferenced
document
has
no
top-level
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
an
<code>
@context
</code>
member,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context">
invalid
remote
context
</a>
</code>
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted;
otherwise,
set
<i>
context
</i>
to
the
value
of
that
member.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
<del class="diff-old">context
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">result
</ins>
</i>
to
the
result
of
recursively
calling
this
algorithm,
passing
<i>
<del class="diff-old">context
no
base
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">result
</ins>
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
context
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
and
<i>
remote
contexts
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">If
context
has
no
base
IRI
but
result
does,
set
the
base
IRI
of
context
to
the
one
of
result
.
Overwrite
result
with
context
and
continue
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Continue
</ins>
with
the
next
<i>
context
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context">
invalid
local
context
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
has
an
<code>
@base
</code>
<del class="diff-old">key:
Feature
at
Risk
1
:
@base
keyword
Note:
This
feature
is
&quot;at
risk&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">key
</ins>
and
<del class="diff-old">may
be
removed
from
this
specification
based
on
feedback.
Please
send
feedback
to
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
.
For
the
current
status
see
features
&quot;at
risk&quot;
in
JSON-LD
1.0
Support
for
the
@base
keyword
might
be
removed
from
JSON-LD
1.0
if
implementation
experience
reveals
that
the
fact
that
a
document
may
have
multiple
base
IRIs
is
confusing
for
developers.
It
</del>
<i>
<ins class="diff-chg">remote
contexts
</ins></i>
is
<del class="diff-old">also
being
discussed
whether
relative
IRIs
are
allowed
as
values
of
@base
or
whether
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">empty,
i.e.,
</ins>
the
<del class="diff-old">empty
string
should
be
used
to
explicitly
specify
that
there
isn't
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">currently
being
processed
context
is
not
</ins>
a
<del class="diff-old">base
IRI
,
which
could
be
used
to
ensure
that
relative
IRIs
remain
relative
when
expanding.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">remote
context:
</ins>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@base
</code>
key.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
remove
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
result
</i>
is
set
to
<i>
value
</i>.
<del class="diff-old">If
it
</del>
</li>
<li>
<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
if
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
value
</ins></i>
is
<del class="diff-old">not
an
absolute
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">a
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
relative
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-chg">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-chg">
and
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-chg">
base
</ins>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
<ins class="diff-new">of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
result
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
is
not
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins>
</a>,
<ins class="diff-new">set
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
result
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
to
the
result
of
resolving
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
value
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
against
the
current
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
result
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Otherwise,
</ins>
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI">
invalid
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
has
an
<code>
@vocab
</code>
key:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@vocab
</code>
key.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
remove
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>
from
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
result
</i>
is
set
to
<i>
value
</i>.
If
it
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping">
invalid
vocab
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
has
an
<code>
@language
</code>
key:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@language
</code>
key.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
remove
any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>
from
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>
of
<i>
result
</i>
is
set
to
lowercased
<i>
value
</i>.
If
it
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language">
invalid
default
language
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
defined
</i>
to
use
to
keep
track
of
whether
or
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
has
already
been
defined
or
currently
being
defined
during
recursion.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
key
</i>
-
<i>
value
</i>
pair
in
<i>
context
</i>
where
<i>
key
</i>
is
not
<code>
@base
</code>,
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
or
<code>
@language
</code>,
invoke
the
<a href="#create-term-definition">
Create
Term
Definition
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<i>
result
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
context
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
<i>
key
</i>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="create-term-definition">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
6.2
</span>
Create
Term
Definition
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
is
called
from
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>
to
create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-1">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
Term
definitions
</a>
are
created
by
parsing
the
information
in
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
for
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
If
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
it
may
omit
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
by
depending
on
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
having
its
own
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>.
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
is
a
key
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
then
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
must
first
be
created,
through
recursion,
before
continuing.
Because
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
can
depend
on
other
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definitions
</a>,
a
mechanism
must
be
used
to
detect
cyclical
dependencies.
The
solution
employed
here
uses
a
map,
<i>
defined
</i>,
that
keeps
track
of
whether
or
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
has
been
defined
or
is
currently
in
the
process
of
being
defined.
This
map
is
checked
before
any
recursion
is
attempted.
</p>
<p>
After
all
dependencies
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
have
been
defined,
the
rest
of
the
information
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
for
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
is
taken
into
account,
creating
the
appropriate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
for
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-1">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
has
four
required
inputs
which
are:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
a
<i>
term
</i>,
and
a
map
<i>
defined
</i>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
defined
</i>
contains
the
key
<i>
term
</i>
and
the
associated
value
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
(indicating
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
has
already
been
created),
return.
Otherwise,
if
the
value
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>,
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping">
cyclic
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
value
associated
with
<i>
defined
</i>
's
<i>
term
</i>
key
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>.
This
indicates
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
is
now
being
created
but
is
not
yet
complete.
</li>
<li>
Since
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
cannot
be
overridden,
<i>
term
</i>
must
not
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>.
Otherwise,
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition">
keyword
redefinition
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Remove
any
existing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
for
<i>
term
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
value
</i>
to
<ins class="diff-new">a
copy
of
</ins>
the
value
associated
with
the
key
<i>
term
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
the
key-value
pair
<code>
@id
</code>
-
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
the
value
associated
with
<i>
defined
</i>
's
key
<i>
term
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
and
return.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
<del class="diff-old">:
Expand
value
by
setting
</del>
</a>,
<ins class="diff-chg">convert
</ins>
it
to
<del class="diff-old">the
result
of
using
the
IRI
Expansion
algorithm
,
passing
active
context
,
value
,
true
for
vocab
,
true
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">a
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
object
</ins>
</a>
<del class="diff-old">for
document
relative
,
local
context
,
and
defined
.
If
value
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">consisting
of
a
single
member
whose
key
</ins>
is
<code>
<del class="diff-old">@context
,
an
invalid
keyword
alias
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@id
</ins>
</code>
<del class="diff-old">error
has
been
detected
</del>
and
<del class="diff-old">processing
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">whose
value
</ins>
is
<del class="diff-old">aborted.
Set
the
IRI
mapping
for
the
term
definition
for
term
in
active
context
to
</del>
<i>
value
<del class="diff-old">,
set
the
value
associated
with
defined
's
key
term
to
true
,
and
return.
</del>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
value
</i>
must
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
if
not,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition">
invalid
term
definition
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Create
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>,
<i>
definition
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@reverse
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
an
<code>
@id
</code>,
an
<code>
@type
</code>,
or
an
<code>
@language
</code>,
member,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">
invalid
reverse
property
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
key
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
key
for
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
<del class="diff-old">true
</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
<ins class="diff-chg">false
</ins>
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
If
the
result
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
i.e.,
it
contains
no
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
),
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<code>
@id
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
an
<code>
@container
</code>
member,
set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<code>
@index
</code>
if
that
is
the
value
of
the
<code>
@container
</code>
member;
otherwise
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">
invalid
reverse
property
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
(reverse
properties
only
support
index-containers)
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>
flag
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
of
<i>
term
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
to
<i>
definition
</i>
and
the
value
associated
with
<i>
defined
</i>
's
key
<i>
term
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
return.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>
flag
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@id
<del class="diff-old">:
</del>
</code>
<ins class="diff-chg">and
its
value
does
not
equal
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
term
</ins></i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@id
</code>
key
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@id
</code>
key
for
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
<del class="diff-old">true
</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
<ins class="diff-chg">false
</ins>
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
<ins class="diff-new">If
the
resulting
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping"><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
mapping
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
equals
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
@context
</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-new">
an
</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias"><ins class="diff-new">
invalid
keyword
alias
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</ins>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
if
the
<i>
term
</i>
contains
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
):
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
term
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
that
is
a
key
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
a
dependency
has
been
found.
Use
this
algorithm
recursively
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
as
<i>
term
</i>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
term
</i>
's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
the
result
of
concatenating
the
value
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
and
the
<i>
term
</i>
's
<i>
suffix
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
term
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<i>
term
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
is
set
to
the
result
of
concatenating
the
value
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>
and
<i>
term
</i>.
If
it
does
not
have
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@type
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
type
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
key,
which
must
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>.
Otherwise,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">
invalid
type
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
type
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
type
</i>
for
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
<del class="diff-old">true
</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
<ins class="diff-chg">false
</ins>
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
If
the
expanded
<i>
type
</i>
is
neither
<code>
@id
</code>,
nor
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
nor
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">
invalid
type
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
for
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<i>
type
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@container
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
container
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@container
</code>
key,
which
must
be
either
<code>
@list
</code>,
<code>
@set
</code>,
<code>
@index
</code>,
or
<code>
@language
</code>.
Otherwise,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping">
invalid
container
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<i>
container
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@language
</code>
and
does
not
contain
the
key
<code>
@type
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
language
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@language
</code>
key,
which
must
be
either
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>.
Otherwise,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping">
invalid
language
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
language
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
set
it
to
lowercased
<i>
language
</i>.
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
of
<i>
definition
</i>
to
<i>
language
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Set
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
of
<i>
term
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
to
<i>
definition
</i>
and
set
the
value
associated
with
<i>
defined
</i>
's
key
<i>
term
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="iri-expansion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
6.3
</span>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
</h3>
<p>
In
JSON-LD
documents,
some
keys
and
values
may
represent
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>.
This
section
defines
an
algorithm
for
transforming
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
that
represents
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
into
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
It
also
covers
transforming
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
aliases
</a>
into
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
expansion
may
occur
during
context
processing
or
during
any
of
the
other
JSON-LD
algorithms.
If
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
expansion
occurs
during
context
processing,
then
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
and
its
related
<i>
defined
</i>
map
from
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>
are
passed
to
this
algorithm.
This
allows
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
dependencies
to
be
processed
via
the
<a href="#create-term-definition">
Create
Term
Definition
algorithm
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-2">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
In
order
to
expand
<i>
value
</i>
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
we
must
first
determine
if
it
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
alias
</a>,
or
some
form
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
Based
on
what
we
find,
we
handle
the
specific
kind
of
expansion;
for
example,
we
expand
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
alias
</a>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
and
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
according
to
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
While
inspecting
<i>
value
</i>
we
may
also
find
that
we
need
to
create
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
dependencies
because
we're
running
this
algorithm
during
context
processing.
We
can
tell
whether
or
not
we're
running
during
context
processing
by
checking
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
against
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
We
know
we
need
to
create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
when
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
key
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
and
the
<i>
defined
</i>
map
does
not
have
a
key
for
<i>
value
</i>
with
an
associated
value
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>.
The
<i>
defined
</i>
map
is
used
during
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>
to
keep
track
of
which
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
have
already
been
defined
or
are
in
the
process
of
being
defined.
We
create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
by
using
the
<a href="#create-term-definition">
Create
Term
Definition
algorithm
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-2">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
two
required
and
four
optional
input
variables.
The
required
inputs
are
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
a
<i>
value
</i>
to
be
expanded.
The
optional
inputs
are
two
flags,
<i>
document
relative
</i>
and
<i>
vocab
</i>,
that
specifying
whether
<i>
value
</i>
can
be
interpreted
as
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">
relative
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
against
the
document's
base
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
respectively,
and
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
and
a
map
<i>
defined
</i>
to
be
used
when
this
algorithm
is
used
during
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>.
If
not
passed,
the
two
flags
are
set
to
<code>
false
</code>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
and
<i>
defined
</i>
are
initialized
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
is.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
it
contains
a
key
that
equals
<i>
value
</i>,
and
the
value
associated
with
the
key
that
equals
<i>
value
</i>
in
<i>
defined
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
invoke
the
<a href="#create-term-definition">
Create
Term
Definition
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
<i>
value
</i>
as
<i>
term
</i>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
This
will
ensure
that
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
is
created
for
<i>
value
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
during
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
vocab
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
for
<i>
value
</i>,
return
the
associated
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
),
it
is
either
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Split
<i>
value
</i>
into
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
and
<i>
suffix
</i>
at
the
first
occurrence
of
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
).
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
is
underscore
(
<code>
_
</code>
)
or
<i>
suffix
</i>
begins
with
double-forward-slash
(
<code>
//
</code>
),
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
it
is
already
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
it
contains
a
key
that
equals
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>,
and
the
value
associated
with
the
key
that
equals
<i>
prefix
</i>
in
<i>
defined
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
invoke
the
<a href="#create-term-definition">
Create
Term
Definition
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>,
<i>
prefix
</i>
as
<i>
term
</i>,
and
<i>
defined
</i>.
This
will
ensure
that
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
is
created
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
during
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
contains
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>,
return
the
result
of
concatenating
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
associated
with
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
and
<i>
suffix
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
value
</i>
as
it
is
already
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
vocab
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
return
the
result
of
concatenating
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>
with
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
document
relative
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
set
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
resolving
<i>
value
</i>
against
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
Only
the
basic
algorithm
in
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">
section
5.2
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">
RFC3986
</a>
</cite>
]
is
used;
neither
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2">
Syntax-Based
Normalization
</a>
</cite>
nor
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.3">
Scheme-Based
Normalization
</a>
</cite>
are
performed.
Characters
additionally
allowed
in
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
references
are
treated
in
the
same
way
that
unreserved
characters
are
treated
in
URI
references,
per
<cite>
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-6.5">
section
6.5
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3987">
RFC3987
</a>
</cite>
].
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
is.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="expansion-algorithms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
7.
</span>
Expansion
Algorithms
</h2>
<section id="expansion-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
7.1
</span>
Expansion
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
expands
a
JSON-LD
document,
such
that
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
definitions
are
removed,
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>
are
expanded
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
IRIs
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
and
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
values
</a>
are
expressed
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
arrays
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-3">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
Starting
with
its
root
<i>
element
</i>,
we
can
process
the
JSON-LD
document
recursively,
until
we
have
a
fully
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expanded
</a>
<i>
result
</i>.
When
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expanding
</a>
an
<i>
element
</i>,
we
can
treat
each
one
differently
according
to
its
type,
in
order
to
break
down
the
problem:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
If
the
<i>
element
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
there
is
nothing
to
expand.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>,
we
expand
it
according
to
the
<a href="#value-expansion">
Value
Expansion
algorithm
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<i>
element
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
then
we
expand
each
of
its
items
recursively
and
return
them
in
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
We
expand
each
of
its
keys,
adding
them
to
our
<i>
result
</i>,
and
then
we
expand
each
value
for
each
key
recursively.
Some
of
the
keys
will
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>
and
others
will
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
or
simply
ignored
because
they
do
not
have
definitions
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>.
Any
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
will
be
expanded
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Finally,
after
ensuring
<i>
result
</i>
is
in
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
we
return
<i>
result
</i>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-3">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
three
input
variables:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
an
<i>
element
</i>
to
be
expanded.
To
begin,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
set
to
the
result
of
performing,
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>
on
the
passed
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>,
or
empty
if
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
and
<i>
element
</i>
is
set
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input">
JSON-LD
input
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>,
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
<code>
@graph
</code>,
drop
the
free-floating
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>
by
returning
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Return
the
result
of
the
<a href="#value-expansion">
Value
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
element
</i>
as
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
array,
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
item
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
<code>
@list
</code>
or
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@list
</code>,
the
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
must
not
be
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
otherwise
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists">
list
of
lists
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
append
each
of
its
items
to
<i>
result
</i>.
Otherwise,
if
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
is
not
null,
append
it
to
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@context
</code>,
set
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
to
the
result
of
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
the
value
of
the
<code>
@context
</code>
key
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
key
</i>
and
<i>
value
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>,
ordered
lexicographically
by
<i>
key
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
key
</i>
is
<code>
@context
</code>,
continue
to
the
next
<i>
key
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
key
</i>
for
<i>
value
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
it
neither
contains
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
)
nor
it
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>,
drop
<i>
key
</i>
by
continuing
to
the
next
<i>
key
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
equals
<code>
@reverse
</code>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map">
invalid
reverse
property
map
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
has
already
an
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords">
colliding
keywords
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@id
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value">
invalid
@id
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
value
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@type
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
neither
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
nor
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value">
invalid
type
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>
to
expand
the
<i>
value
</i>
or
each
of
its
items.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@graph
</code>,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<code>
@graph
</code>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@value
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value">
invalid
value
object
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
<i>
value
</i>.
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
continue
with
the
next
<i>
key
</i>
from
<i>
element
</i>.
Null
values
need
to
be
preserved
in
this
case
as
the
meaning
of
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member
depends
on
the
existence
of
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@language
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string">
invalid
language-tagged
string
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
lowercased
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@index
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value">
invalid
@index
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@list
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
<code>
@graph
</code>,
continue
with
the
next
<i>
key
</i>
from
<i>
element
</i>
to
remove
the
free-floating
list.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
initialize
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists">
list
of
lists
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@set
</code>,
set
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@reverse
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">
invalid
@reverse
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<code>
@reverse
</code>
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
value
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
contains
an
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member,
i.e.,
properties
that
are
reversed
twice,
execute
for
each
of
its
<i>
property
</i>
and
<i>
item
</i>
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
property
</i>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
item
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<i>
property
</i>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
contains
members
other
than
<code>
@reverse
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
does
not
have
an
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
of
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member
in
<i>
result
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
reverse
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
property
</i>
and
<i>
items
</i>
in
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
other
than
<code>
@reverse
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
items
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">
invalid
reverse
property
value
</a>
</code>
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
reverse
map
</i>
has
no
<i>
property
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
item
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<i>
property
</i>
member
in
<i>
reverse
map
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Continue
with
the
next
<i>
key
</i>
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Unless
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
the
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>
to
<i>
expanded
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Continue
with
the
next
<i>
key
</i>
from
<i>
<del class="diff-old">element.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">element
</ins>
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
key
</i>
's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
<code>
@language
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
then
<i>
value
</i>
is
expanded
from
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map">
language
map
</a>
as
follows:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key-value
pair
<i>
language
</i>
-
<i>
language
value
</i>
in
<i>
value
</i>,
ordered
lexicographically
by
<i>
language
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
language
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
language
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
language
value
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
<i>
item
</i>
must
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
otherwise
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value">
invalid
language
map
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Append
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
to
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
that
consists
of
two
key-value
pairs:
(
<code>
@value
</code>
-
<i>
item
</i>
)
and
(
<code>
@language
</code>
-lowercased
<i>
language
</i>
).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
key
</i>
's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
<code>
@index
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
then
<i>
value
</i>
is
expanded
from
an
index
map
as
follows:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key-value
pair
<i>
index
</i>
-
<i>
index
value
</i>
in
<i>
value
</i>,
ordered
lexicographically
by
<i>
index
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
index
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
index
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
index
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
key
</i>
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
index
value
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
index
value
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
does
not
have
the
key
<code>
@index
</code>,
add
the
key-value
pair
(
<code>
@index
</code>
-
<i>
index
</i>
)
to
<i>
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
item
</i>
to
<i>
expanded
value
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
initialize
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
key
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
ignore
<i>
key
</i>
by
continuing
to
the
next
<i>
key
</i>
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
associated
to
<i>
key
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
<code>
@list
</code>
and
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
not
already
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
convert
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>
by
first
setting
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
if
it
is
not
already
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
and
then
by
setting
it
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
the
key-value
pair
<code>
@list
</code>
-
<i>
expanded
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
associated
to
<i>
key
</i>
indicates
that
it
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
has
no
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
of
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member
in
<i>
result
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
reverse
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
<i>
expanded
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">
invalid
reverse
property
value
</a>
</code>
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
reverse
map
</i>
has
no
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
item
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member
of
<i>
reverse
map
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
key
</i>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
does
not
have
an
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
to
value
of
the
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@value
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
The
<i>
result
</i>
must
not
contain
any
keys
other
than
<code>
@value
</code>,
<code>
@language
</code>,
<code>
@type
</code>,
and
<code>
@index
</code>.
It
must
not
contain
both
the
<code>
@language
</code>
key
and
the
<code>
@type
</code>
key.
Otherwise,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object">
invalid
value
object
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
the
value
of
<i>
result
</i>
's
<code>
@value
</code>
key
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
then
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
value
of
<i>
result
</i>
's
<code>
@value
</code>
member
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
and
<i>
result
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@language
</code>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value">
invalid
language-tagged
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
(only
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>
can
be
language-tagged)
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<i>
result
</i>
has
a
<code>
@type
</code>
member
and
its
value
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value">
invalid
typed
value
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
result
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@type
</code>
and
its
associated
value
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
the
associated
value.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
result
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@set
</code>
or
<code>
@list
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
The
<i>
result
</i>
must
contain
at
most
one
other
key
and
that
key
must
be
<code>
@index
</code>.
Otherwise,
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-set-or-list-object">
invalid
set
or
list
object
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@set
</code>,
then
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
the
key's
associated
value.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
contains
only
the
key
<code>
@language
</code>,
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
<code>
@graph
</code>,
drop
free-floating
values
as
follows:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
is
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
or
contains
the
keys
<code>
@value
</code>
or
<code>
@list
</code>,
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
result
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
whose
only
key
is
<code>
@id
</code>,
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
If,
after
the
above
algorithm
is
run,
the
result
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
that
contains
only
an
<code>
@graph
</code>
key,
set
the
result
to
the
value
of
<code>
@graph
</code>
's
value.
Otherwise,
if
the
result
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
Finally,
if
the
result
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
then
set
the
result
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
the
result.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="value-expansion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
7.2
</span>
Value
Expansion
</h3>
<p>
Some
values
in
JSON-LD
can
be
expressed
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">
compact
form
</a>.
These
values
are
required
to
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
expanded
</a>
at
times
when
processing
JSON-LD
documents.
A
value
is
said
to
be
in
<dfn title="expanded-form" id="dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</dfn>
after
the
application
of
this
algorithm.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-4">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
set
to
<code>
@id
</code>
or
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>
on
<i>
value
</i>
is
returned.
</p>
<p>
Otherwise,
the
result
will
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member
whose
value
is
the
passed
<i>
value
</i>.
Additionally,
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member
will
be
included
if
there
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
or
an
<code>
@language
</code>
member
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
and
there
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-4">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
three
required
inputs:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
a
<i>
value
</i>
to
expand.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
that
is
<code>
@id
</code>,
return
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
a
single
key-value
pair
where
the
key
is
<code>
@id
</code>
and
the
value
is
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
value
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
that
is
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
return
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
a
single
key-value
pair
where
the
key
is
<code>
@id
</code>
and
the
value
is
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-expansion">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
initialize
<i>
result
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
add
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member
to
<i>
result
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
is
associated
with
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
add
an
<code>
@language
</code>
to
<i>
result
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
language
code
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
;
unless
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
in
which
case
no
member
is
added.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>,
add
an
<code>
@language
</code>
to
<i>
result
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="compaction-algorithms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
8.
</span>
Compaction
Algorithms
</h2>
<section id="compaction-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
8.1
</span>
Compaction
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
compacts
a
JSON-LD
document,
such
that
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
is
applied.
This
must
result
in
shortening
any
applicable
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>,
any
applicable
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
aliases
</a>,
and
any
applicable
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-value" href="#dfn-json-ld-value">
JSON-LD
values
</a>
expressed
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>
to
simple
values
such
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-5">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
Starting
with
its
root
<i>
element
</i>,
we
can
process
the
JSON-LD
document
recursively,
until
we
have
a
fully
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compacted
</a>
<i>
result
</i>.
When
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compacting
</a>
an
<i>
element
</i>,
we
can
treat
each
one
differently
according
to
its
type,
in
order
to
break
down
the
problem:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
If
the
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>,
it
is
already
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">
compacted
form
</a>,
so
we
simply
return
it.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<i>
element
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
we
compact
each
of
its
items
recursively
and
return
them
in
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
The
value
of
each
key
in
element
is
compacted
recursively.
Some
of
the
keys
will
be
compacted,
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>
and
others
will
be
compacted
from
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
aliases
</a>
or
simply
left
unchanged
because
they
do
not
have
definitions
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>.
Values
will
be
converted
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compacted-form" href="#dfn-compacted-form">
compacted
form
</a>
via
the
<a href="#value-compaction">
Value
Compaction
algorithm
</a>.
Some
data
will
be
reshaped
based
on
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>
specified
in
the
context
such
as
<code>
@index
</code>
or
<code>
@language
</code>
maps.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
The
final
output
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
a
<code>
@context
</code>
key,
if
a
non-empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
was
given,
where
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
is
either
<i>
result
</i>
or
a
wrapper
for
it
where
<i>
result
</i>
appears
as
the
value
of
an
(aliased)
<code>
@graph
</code>
key
because
<i>
result
</i>
contained
two
or
more
items
in
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-5">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
five
required
input
variables:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
an
<i>
element
</i>
to
be
compacted,
and
a
flag
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>.
To
begin,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
set
to
the
result
of
performing
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
</a>
on
the
passed
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
is
set
to
the
result
of
performing
the
<a href="#inverse-context-creation">
Inverse
Context
Creation
algorithm
</a>
on
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
<i>
element
</i>
is
set
to
the
result
of
performing
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>
on
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-input" href="#dfn-json-ld-input">
JSON-LD
input
</a>,
and,
if
not
passed,
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>,
it
is
already
in
its
most
compact
form,
so
simply
return
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
result
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<del class="diff-old">em&gt;item
</del>
<em>
<ins class="diff-chg">item
</ins></em>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
then
append
it
to
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
contains
only
one
item
(it
has
a
length
of
<code>
1
</code>
),
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
and
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
set
<i>
result
</i>
to
its
only
item.
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@value
</code>
or
<code>
@id
</code>
member
and
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#value-compaction">
Value
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,and
<i>
element
</i>
as
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>,
return
that
result.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
inside
reverse
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
if
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
equals
<code>
@reverse
</code>,
otherwise
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
result
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
and
value
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>,
ordered
lexicographically
by
<i>
expanded
property
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@id
</code>
or
<code>
@type
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
then
initialize
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>
if
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@type
</code>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
otherwise.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
must
be
a
<code>
@type
</code>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
item
<i>
expanded
type
</i>
in
<i>
expanded
value
</i>,
append
the
result
of
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
expanded
type
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
to
<i>
compacted
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
contains
only
one
item
(it
has
a
length
of
<code>
1
</code>
),
then
set
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
to
its
only
item.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
alias
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Add
a
member
<i>
alias
</i>
to
<i>
result
</i>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
and
continue
to
the
next
<i>
expanded
property
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@reverse
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<code>
@reverse
</code>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
property
</i>
and
<i>
value
</i>
in
<i>
compacted
value
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
for
<i>
property
</i>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
indicates
that
<i>
property
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
<i>
value
</i>
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
property
</i>
is
not
a
member
of
<i>
result
</i>,
add
one
and
set
its
value
to
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
value
of
the
<i>
property
</i>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
the
value.
Then
append
<i>
value
</i>
to
its
value
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
otherwise
append
each
of
its
items.
</li>
<li>
Remove
the
<i>
property
</i>
member
from
<i>
compacted
value
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
has
some
remaining
members,
i.e.,
it
is
not
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
alias
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
<code>
@reverse
</code>
for
<i>
iri
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Set
the
value
of
the
<i>
alias
</i>
member
of
<i>
result
</i>
to
<i>
compacted
value
</i>
and
continue
with
the
next
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@index
</code>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
that
is
<code>
@index
</code>,
then
the
compacted
result
will
be
inside
of
an
<code>
@index
</code>
container,
drop
the
<code>
@index
</code>
property
by
continuing
to
the
next
<i>
expanded
property
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@index
</code>,
<code>
@value
</code>,
or
<code>
@language
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
alias
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Add
a
member
<i>
alias
</i>
to
<i>
result
</i>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
and
continue
with
the
next
<i>
expanded
property
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
is
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
for
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
and
<i>
inside
reverse
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
result
</i>
does
not
have
the
key
that
equals
<i>
item
active
property
</i>,
set
this
key's
value
in
<i>
result
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
Otherwise,
if
the
key's
value
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
then
set
it
to
one
containing
only
the
value.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
At
this
point,
<i>
expanded
value
</i>
must
be
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
due
to
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>.
For
each
item
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
in
<i>
expanded
value
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
for
<i>
value
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
and
<i>
inside
reverse
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
container
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
If
there
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
for
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
set
<i>
container
</i>
to
its
value.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
this
algorithm
recursively,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>
if
it
does
not
contain
the
key
<code>
@list
</code>,
otherwise
pass
the
key's
associated
value
for
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
then
set
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
compacted
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
container
</i>
is
not
<code>
@list
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Convert
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>
by
setting
it
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
containing
key-value
pair
where
the
key
is
the
result
of
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<code>
@list
</code>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
and
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
for
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@index
</code>,
then
add
a
key-value
pair
to
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
where
the
key
is
the
result
of
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<code>
@index
</code>
as
<i>
iri
</i>,
and
the
<ins class="diff-new">value
</ins>
associated
with
the
<code>
@index
</code>
key
in
<i>
expanded
item
</i>
as
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
must
not
be
a
key
in
<i>
result
</i>
because
there
cannot
be
two
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
objects
</a>
associated
with
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
that
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
;
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists">
compaction
to
list
of
lists
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
container
</i>
is
<code>
@language
</code>
or
<code>
@index
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
is
a
key
in
<i>
result
</i>,
then
initialize
<i>
map
object
</i>
to
its
associated
value,
otherwise
initialize
it
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
container
</i>
is
<code>
@language
</code>
and
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@value
</code>,
then
set
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
its
<code>
@value
</code>
key.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
map
key
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
with
the
key
that
equals
<i>
container
</i>
in
<i>
expanded
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
map
key
</i>
is
not
a
key
in
<i>
map
object
</i>,
then
set
this
key's
value
in
<i>
map
object
</i>
to
<i>
compacted
item
</i>.
Otherwise,
if
the
value
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
then
set
it
to
one
containing
only
the
value
and
then
append
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
it.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>,
<i>
container
</i>
is
<code>
@set
</code>
or
<code>
@list
</code>,
or
<i>
expanded
property
</i>
is
<code>
@list
</code>
or
<code>
@graph
</code>
and
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
<i>
compacted
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
is
not
a
key
in
<i>
result
</i>
then
add
the
key-value
pair,
(
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
-
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
),
to
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
value
associated
with
the
key
that
equals
<i>
item
active
property
</i>
in
<i>
result
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
set
it
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
only
the
value.
Then
append
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
to
the
value
if
<i>
compacted
item
</i>
is
not
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
otherwise,
concatenate
it.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
If,
after
the
algorithm
outlined
above
is
run,
the
result
<i>
result
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>,
replace
it
with
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
a
single
member
whose
key
is
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
<code>
@graph
</code>
as
<i>
iri
</i>
and
whose
value
is
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
result
</i>.
Finally,
if
a
non-empty
<i>
context
</i>
has
been
passed,
add
an
<code>
@context
</code>
member
to
<i>
result
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
passed
<i>
context
</i>.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="inverse-context-creation">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
8.2
</span>
Inverse
Context
Creation
</h3>
<p>
When
there
is
more
than
one
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
could
be
chosen
to
compact
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
it
has
to
be
ensured
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
selection
is
both
deterministic
and
represents
the
most
context-appropriate
choice
whilst
taking
into
consideration
algorithmic
complexity.
</p>
<p>
In
order
to
make
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
selections,
the
concept
of
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
is
introduced.
An
<dfn title="inverse-context" id="dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</dfn>
is
essentially
a
reverse
lookup
table
that
maps
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mappings
</a>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mappings
</a>
to
a
simple
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
for
a
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
only
needs
to
be
generated
for
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
if
it
is
being
used
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compaction
</a>.
</p>
<p>
To
make
use
of
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
a
list
of
preferred
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
are
gathered
for
a
particular
value
associated
with
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
These
parameters
are
then
fed
to
the
<a href="#term-selection">
Term
Selection
algorithm
</a>,
which
will
find
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
most
appropriately
matches
the
value's
mappings.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-6">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
To
create
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
for
a
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
is
visited,
ordered
by
length,
shortest
first
(ties
are
broken
by
choosing
the
lexicographically
least
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
).
For
each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
an
entry
is
added
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
for
each
possible
combination
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
that
would
legally
match
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
Illegal
matches
include
differences
between
a
value's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
and
that
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
If
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
has
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
(or
some
combination
of
these),
then
it
will
have
an
entry
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
using
the
special
key
<code>
@none
</code>.
This
allows
the
<a href="#term-selection">
Term
Selection
algorithm
</a>
to
fall
back
to
choosing
more
generic
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
when
a
more
specifically-matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
is
not
available
for
a
particular
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
and
value
combination.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-6">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
one
required
input:
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
is
being
created
for.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
result
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
default
language
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>,
set
<i>
default
language
</i>
to
it.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
and
value
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
ordered
by
shortest
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
first
(breaking
ties
by
choosing
the
lexicographically
least
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
):
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
cannot
be
selected
during
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compaction
</a>,
so
continue
to
the
next
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
container
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
If
there
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>,
set
<i>
container
</i>
to
its
associated
value.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
iri
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
for
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
iri
</i>
is
not
a
key
in
<i>
result
</i>,
add
a
key-value
pair
where
the
key
is
<i>
iri
</i>
and
the
value
is
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
to
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<i>
iri
</i>
member
in
<i>
result
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
container
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
container
<ins class="diff-new">map
</ins>
</i>
has
no
<i>
container
<del class="diff-old">map
</del>
</i>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
two
members.
The
first
member
is
<code>
@language
</code>
and
its
value
is
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>,
the
second
member
is
<code>
@type
</code>
and
its
value
is
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<i>
container
</i>
member
in
<i>
container
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
type/language
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
indicates
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
represents
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
type
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
type
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
member
corresponding
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
(might
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
):
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@language
</code>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
language
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
equals
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
<i>
language
</i>
to
<code>
@null
</code>
;
otherwise
set
it
to
the
language
code
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
language
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
language
</i>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@language
</code>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
language
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
language
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
default
language
</i>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
language
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
<code>
@none
</code>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
type
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type
map
</i>
does
not
have
a
<code>
@none
</code>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
being
processed.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="iri-compaction">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
8.3
</span>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
compacts
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword-alias" href="#dfn-keyword-alias">
keyword
alias
</a>.
A
value
that
is
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
may
be
passed
in
order
to
assist
in
selecting
the
most
context-appropriate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-7">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
If
the
passed
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
we
simply
return
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
Otherwise,
we
first
try
to
find
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
can
be
compacted
to
if
it
is
relative
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>.
In
order
to
select
the
most
appropriate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
we
may
have
to
collect
information
about
the
passed
<i>
value
</i>.
This
information
includes
which
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>
would
be
preferred
for
expressing
the
<i>
value
</i>,
and
what
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
is.
For
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
JSON-LD
lists
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
will
be
chosen
based
on
the
most
specific
values
that
work
for
all
items
in
the
list.
Once
this
information
is
gathered,
it
is
passed
to
the
<a href="#term-selection">
Term
Selection
algorithm
</a>,
which
will
return
the
most
appropriate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
to
use.
</p>
<p>
If
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
was
found
that
could
be
used
to
compact
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
an
attempt
is
made
compact
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
using
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
if
there
is
one.
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
could
not
be
compacted,
an
attempt
is
made
to
find
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
If
there
is
no
appropriate
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
is
transformed
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">
relative
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
using
the
document's
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
Finally,
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
still
could
not
be
compacted,
it
is
returned
as
is.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-7">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
This
algorithm
takes
three
required
inputs
and
three
optional
inputs.
The
required
inputs
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
the
<i>
iri
</i>
to
be
compacted.
The
optional
inputs
are
a
<i>
value
</i>
associated
with
the
<i>
iri
</i>,
a
<i>
vocab
</i>
flag
which
specifies
whether
the
passed
<i>
iri
</i>
should
be
compacted
using
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>,
and
a
<i>
reverse
</i>
flag
which
specifies
whether
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="reverse-property" href="#dfn-reverse-property">
reverse
property
</a>
is
being
compacted.
If
not
passed,
<i>
value
</i>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
<i>
vocab
</i>
and
<i>
reverse
</i>
are
both
set
to
<code>
false
</code>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
iri
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
vocab
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
<i>
iri
</i>
is
a
key
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
default
language
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>,
if
it
has
one,
otherwise
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
containers
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
This
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
will
be
used
to
keep
track
of
an
ordered
list
of
preferred
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
based
on
what
is
compatible
with
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
type/language
</i>
to
<code>
@language
</code>,
and
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
<code>
@null
</code>.
These
two
variables
will
keep
track
of
the
preferred
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
based
on
what
is
compatible
with
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
that
contains
the
key
<code>
@index
</code>,
then
append
the
value
<code>
@index
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
reverse
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
set
<i>
type/language
</i>
to
<code>
@type
</code>,
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
<code>
@reverse
</code>,
and
append
<code>
@set
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
then
set
<i>
type/language
</i>
and
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
the
most
specific
values
that
work
for
all
items
in
the
list
as
follows:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<code>
@index
</code>
is
a
not
key
in
<i>
value
</i>,
then
append
<code>
@list
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
list
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
associated
with
the
key
<code>
@list
</code>
in
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
common
<ins class="diff-new">type
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
and
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
common
</ins>
language
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
If
<i>
list
</i>
is
empty,
set
<i>
common
language
</i>
to
<i>
default
language
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
list
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
item
language
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>
and
<i>
item
type
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@value
</code>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@language
</code>,
then
set
<i>
item
language
</i>
to
its
associated
value.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@type
</code>,
set
<i>
item
type
</i>
to
its
associated
value.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
item
language
</i>
to
<code>
@null
</code>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
item
type
</i>
to
<code>
@id
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
language
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<i>
item
language
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
item
language
</i>
does
not
equal
<i>
common
language
</i>
and
<i>
item
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@value
</code>,
then
set
<i>
common
language
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>
because
list
items
have
conflicting
languages.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
type
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<i>
item
type
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
item
type
</i>
does
not
equal
<i>
common
type
</i>,
then
set
<i>
common
type
</i>
to
<code>
@none
</code>
because
list
items
have
conflicting
types.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
language
</i>
is
<code>
@none
</code>
and
<i>
common
type
</i>
is
<code>
@none
</code>,
then
stop
processing
items
in
the
list
because
it
has
been
detected
that
there
is
no
common
language
or
type
amongst
the
items.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
language
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
type
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
@none
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
common
type
</i>
is
not
<code>
@none
</code>
then
set
<i>
type/language
</i>
to
<code>
@type
</code>
and
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
<i>
common
type
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
<i>
common
language
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@language
</code>
and
does
not
contain
the
key
<code>
@index
</code>,
then
set
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
its
associated
value
and
append
<code>
@language
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
contains
the
key
<code>
@type
</code>,
then
set
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
its
associated
value
and
set
<i>
type/language
</i>
to
<code>
@type
</code>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
type/language
</i>
to
<code>
@type
</code>
and
set
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
to
<code>
@id
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<code>
@set
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Append
<code>
@none
</code>
to
<i>
containers
</i>.
This
represents
the
non-existence
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>,
and
it
will
be
the
last
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
value
to
be
checked
as
it
is
the
most
generic.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
@null
</code>.
This
is
the
key
under
which
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
values
are
stored
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
<i>
entry
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
preferred
values
</i>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
This
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
will
indicate,
in
order,
the
preferred
values
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
is
<code>
@reverse
</code>,
append
<code>
@reverse
</code>
to
<i>
preferred
values
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
is
<code>
@id
</code>
or
<code>
@reverse
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
has
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@id
</code>
key
in
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
document
relative
</i>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
with
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
that
equals
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@id
</code>
key
in
<i>
value
</i>,
then
append
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
<code>
@id
</code>,
and
<code>
@none
</code>,
in
that
order,
to
<i>
preferred
values
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
append
<code>
@id
</code>,
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
and
<code>
@none
</code>,
in
that
order,
to
<i>
preferred
values
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
append
<i>
type/language
value
</i>
and
<code>
@none
</code>,
in
that
order,
to
<i>
preferred
values
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
term
</i>
to
the
result
of
the
<a href="#term-selection">
Term
Selection
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
<i>
iri
</i>,
<i>
containers
</i>,
<i>
type/language
</i>,
and
<i>
preferred
values
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
term
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<i>
term
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
At
this
point,
there
is
no
simple
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
<i>
iri
</i>
can
be
compacted
to.
If
<i>
vocab
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
iri
</i>
begins
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping's
</a>
value
but
is
longer,
then
initialize
<i>
suffix
</i>
to
the
substring
of
<i>
iri
</i>
that
does
not
match.
If
<i>
suffix
</i>
does
not
have
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
then
return
<i>
suffix
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
The
<i>
iri
</i>
could
not
be
compacted
using
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>.
Try
to
create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
starting
by
initializing
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
This
variable
will
be
used
to
tore
the
created
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>,
if
any.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
and
value
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
contains
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
),
then
continue
to
the
next
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
because
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
with
colons
can't
be
used
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefixes
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
equals
<i>
iri
</i>,
or
its
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
is
not
a
substring
at
the
beginning
of
<i>
iri
</i>,
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
cannot
be
used
as
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefix
</a>
because
it
is
not
a
partial
match
with
<i>
iri
</i>.
Continue
with
the
next
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
candidate
</i>
by
concatenating
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
a
colon
(
<code>:
</code>
),
and
the
substring
of
<i>
iri
</i>
that
follows
after
the
value
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
either
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
or
<i>
candidate
</i>
is
shorter
or
the
same
length
but
lexicographically
less
than
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>
and
<i>
candidate
</i>
does
not
have
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
or
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
has
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>
that
equals
<i>
iri
</i>
and
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>
to
<i>
candidate
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<i>
compact
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
vocab
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
then
transform
<i>
iri
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="relative-iri" href="#dfn-relative-iri">
relative
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
using
the
document's
base
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Finally,
return
<i>
iri
</i>
as
is.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="term-selection">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
8.4
</span>
Term
Selection
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm,
invoked
via
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
makes
use
of
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context's
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>
to
find
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
is
best
used
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compaction" href="#dfn-compaction">
compact
</a>
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
Other
information
about
a
value
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
is
given,
including
which
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>
and
which
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
would
be
best
used
to
express
the
value.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-8">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context's
</a>
entry
for
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
will
be
first
searched
according
to
the
preferred
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>,
in
the
order
that
they
are
given.
Amongst
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>,
preference
will
be
given
to
those
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>,
over
those
without
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>.
If
there
is
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
then
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
without
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
that
matches
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
is
selected.
If
there
is
still
no
selected
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>,
then
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
with
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
will
be
selected
if
available.
No
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
will
be
selected
that
has
a
conflicting
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>.
Ties
between
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
terms
</a>
that
have
the
same
mappings
are
resolved
by
first
choosing
the
shortest
terms,
and
then
by
choosing
the
lexicographically
least
term.
Note
that
these
ties
are
resolved
automatically
because
they
were
previously
resolved
when
the
<a href="#inverse-context-creation">
Inverse
Context
Creation
algorithm
</a>
was
used
to
create
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-8">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
This
algorithm
has
five
required
inputs.
They
are:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
<i>
iri
</i>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
containers
</i>
that
represents
an
ordered
list
of
preferred
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mappings
</a>,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
<i>
type/language
</i>
that
indicates
whether
to
look
for
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>,
and
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
representing
an
ordered
list
of
<i>
preferred
values
</i>
for
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
to
look
for.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
container
map
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
<i>
iri
</i>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
item
<i>
container
</i>
in
<i>
containers
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
container
</i>
is
not
a
key
in
<i>
container
map
</i>,
then
there
is
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
for
it,
so
continue
to
the
next
<i>
container
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
type/language
map
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<i>
container
</i>
member
in
<i>
container
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
value
map
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
<i>
type/language
</i>
member
in
<i>
type/language
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
preferred
values
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
not
a
key
in
<i>
value
map
</i>,
then
there
is
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
with
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>,
so
continue
to
the
next
<i>
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
a
matching
term
has
been
found,
return
the
value
associated
with
the
<i>
item
</i>
member
in
<i>
value
map
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
No
matching
term
has
been
found.
Return
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="value-compaction">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
8.5
</span>
Value
Compaction
</h3>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion">
Expansion
</a>
transforms
all
values
into
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="expanded-form" href="#dfn-expanded-form">
expanded
form
</a>
in
JSON-LD.
This
algorithm
performs
the
opposite
operation,
transforming
a
value
into
<dfn title="compacted-form" id="dfn-compacted-form">
compacted
form
</dfn>.
This
algorithm
compacts
a
value
according
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
in
the
given
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
that
is
associated
with
the
value's
associated
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-9">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
<i>
value
</i>
to
compact
has
either
an
<code>
@id
</code>
or
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member.
</p>
<p>
For
the
former
case,
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@id
</code>
or
<code>
@vocab
</code>
and
<i>
value
</i>
consists
of
only
of
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member
and,
if
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@index
</code>,
an
<code>
@index
</code>
member,
<i>
value
</i>
can
be
compacted
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
by
returning
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
Compaction
algorithm
</a>
to
compact
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@id
</code>
member.
Otherwise,
<i>
value
</i>
cannot
be
compacted
and
is
returned
as
is.
</p>
<p>
For
the
latter
case,
it
might
be
possible
to
compact
<i>
value
</i>
just
into
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member.
This
can
be
done
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
has
a
matching
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
and
there
is
either
no
<code>
@index
</code>
member
or
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@index
</code>.
It
can
also
be
done
if
<code>
@value
</code>
is
the
only
member
in
<i>
value
</i>
(apart
an
<code>
@index
</code>
member
in
case
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@index
</code>
)
and
either
its
associated
value
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
there
is
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>,
or
there
is
an
explicit
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
for
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-9">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
This
algorithm
has
four
required
inputs:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
a
<i>
value
</i>
to
be
compacted.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
number
members
</i>
to
the
number
of
members
<i>
value
</i>
contains.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
has
an
<code>
@index
</code>
member
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="container-mapping" href="#dfn-container-mapping">
container
mapping
</a>
associated
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@index
</code>,
decrease
<i>
number
members
</i>
by
<code>
1
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
number
members
</i>
is
greater
than
<code>
2
</code>,
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
it
cannot
be
compacted.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
has
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
number
members
</i>
is
<code>
1
</code>
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@id
</code>,
return
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
and
the
value
of
the
<code>
@id
</code>
member
for
<i>
iri
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
number
members
</i>
is
<code>
1
</code>
and
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<code>
@vocab
</code>,
return
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#iri-compaction">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="inverse-context" href="#dfn-inverse-context">
inverse
context
</a>,
the
value
of
the
<code>
@id
</code>
member
for
<i>
iri
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
for
<i>
vocab
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
is.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
has
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member
whose
value
matches
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="type-mapping" href="#dfn-type-mapping">
type
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
return
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
of
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
has
an
<code>
@language
</code>
member
whose
value
matches
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
return
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
of
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
number
members
</i>
equals
<code>
1
</code>
and
either
the
value
of
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>,
or
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
has
no
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>,
or
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-mapping" href="#dfn-language-mapping">
language
mapping
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,,
return
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
return
<i>
value
</i>
as
is.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="flattening-algorithms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
9.
</span>
Flattening
Algorithms
</h2>
<section id="flattening-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
9.1
</span>
Flattening
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
flattens
an
expanded
JSON-LD
document
by
collecting
all
properties
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
in
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
and
labeling
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
nodes
</a>
with
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>.
This
resulting
uniform
shape
of
the
document,
may
drastically
simplify
the
code
required
to
process
JSON-LD
data
in
certain
applications.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-10">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
First,
a
<i>
node
map
</i>
is
generated
using
the
<a href="#node-map-generation">
Node
Map
Generation
algorithm
</a>
which
collects
all
properties
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
in
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
In
the
next
step,
the
<i>
node
map
</i>
is
converted
to
a
JSON-LD
document
in
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="flattened-document-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#flattened-document-form">
flattened
document
form
</a>.
Finally,
if
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="context" href="#dfn-context">
context
</a>
has
been
passed,
the
flattened
document
is
compacted
using
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
algorithm
</a>
before
being
returned.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-10">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
two
input
variables,
an
<i>
element
</i>
to
flatten
and
an
optional
<i>
context
</i>
used
to
compact
the
flattened
document.
If
not
passed,
<i>
context
</i>
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
node
map
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
whose
key
is
<code>
@default
</code>
and
whose
value
is
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Perform
the
<a href="#node-map-generation">
Node
Map
Generation
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<i>
element
</i>
and
<i>
node
map
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
default
graph
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<code>
@default
</code>
member
of
<i>
node
map
</i>,
which
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
representing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key-value
pair
<i>
graph
name
</i>
-
<i>
graph
</i>
in
<i>
node
map
</i>
where
<i>
graph
name
</i>
is
not
<code>
@default
</code>,
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
default
graph
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
graph
name
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
graph
name
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
associated
with
the
<i>
graph
name
</i>
member
in
<i>
default
graph
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
entry
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Add
an
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
to
<i>
entry
</i>
and
set
it
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
id
</i>
-
<i>
node
</i>
pair
in
<i>
graph
</i>
ordered
by
<i>
id
</i>,
add
<i>
node
</i>
to
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
of
<i>
entry
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
flattened
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
id
</i>
-
<i>
node
</i>
pair
in
<i>
default
graph
</i>
ordered
by
<i>
id
</i>,
add
<i>
node
</i>
to
<i>
flattened
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
context
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
return
<i>
flattened
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
return
the
result
of
compacting
<i>
flattened
</i>
according
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
algorithm
</a>
passing
<i>
context
</i>
ensuring
that
the
compaction
result
<del class="diff-old">uses
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">has
only
</ins>
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
keyword
(or
its
alias)
at
the
<del class="diff-old">top-level,
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">top-level
other
than
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@context
</ins></code>,
even
if
the
context
is
empty
or
if
there
is
only
one
element
to
put
in
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
This
ensures
that
the
returned
document
has
a
deterministic
structure.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="node-map-generation">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
9.2
</span>
Node
Map
Generation
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
creates
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
node
map
</i>
holding
an
indexed
representation
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
graphs
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
nodes
</a>
represented
in
the
passed
expanded
document.
All
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
nodes
</a>
that
are
not
uniquely
identified
by
an
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
get
assigned
a
(new)
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
The
resulting
<i>
node
map
</i>
will
have
a
member
for
every
graph
in
the
document
whose
value
is
another
object
with
a
member
for
every
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
represented
in
the
document.
The
default
graph
is
stored
under
the
<code>
@default
</code>
member,
all
other
graphs
are
stored
under
their
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-11">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
algorithm
recursively
runs
over
an
expanded
JSON-LD
document
to
collect
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
properties
</a>
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
in
a
single
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
The
algorithm
constructs
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
node
map
</i>
whose
keys
represent
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
names
</a>
used
in
the
document
(the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>
is
stored
under
the
key
<code>
@default
</code>
)
and
whose
associated
values
are
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
objects
</a>
which
index
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
nodes
</a>
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-graph" href="#dfn-json-ld-graph">
graph
</a>.
If
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property's
</a>
value
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>,
it
is
replace
by
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
consisting
of
only
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member.
If
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
has
no
<code>
@id
</code>
member
or
it
is
identified
by
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>,
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
is
generated.
This
relabeling
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>
is
also
be
done
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
properties
</a>
and
values
of
<code>
@type
</code>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-11">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
as
input
an
expanded
JSON-LD
document
<i>
element
</i>
and
a
reference
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
node
map
</i>.
Furthermore
it
has
the
optional
parameters
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>
(which
defaults
to
<code>
@default
</code>
),
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
a
reference
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
list
</i>.
If
not
passed,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
list
</i>
are
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
is
an
array,
process
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>
as
follows
and
then
return:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Run
this
algorithm
recursively
by
passing
<i>
item
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>,
<i>
node
map
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
Reference
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
which
is
the
value
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>
member
of
<i>
node
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
graph
</i>.
If
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
<i>
node
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
otherwise
reference
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>
member
of
<i>
graph
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
node
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member,
perform
for
each
<i>
item
</i>
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>,
replace
it
with
a
newly
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
generated
blank
node
identifier
</a>
passing
<i>
item
</i>
for
<i>
identifier
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
graph
</i>
has
no
member
<i>
item
</i>,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
<i>
item
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@value
</code>
member,
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
list
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
node
</i>
does
not
have
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
compare
<i>
element
</i>
against
every
item
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>.
If
there
is
no
item
equivalent
to
<i>
element
</i>,
append
<i>
element
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
Two
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
objects
</a>
are
considered
equal
if
they
have
equivalent
key-value
pairs.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
append
<i>
element
</i>
to
the
<code>
@list
</code>
member
of
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@list
</code>
member,
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
result
</i>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@list
</code>
whose
value
is
initialized
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Recursively
call
this
algorithm
passing
the
value
of
<i>
element's
</i>
<code>
@list
</code>
member
for
<i>
element
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
result
</i>
for
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
result
</i>
to
the
the
value
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
element
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>,
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member,
set
<i>
id
</i>
to
its
value
and
remove
the
member
from
<i>
element
</i>.
If
<i>
id
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>,
replace
it
with
a
newly
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
generated
blank
node
identifier
</a>
passing
<i>
id
</i>
for
<i>
identifier
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
id
</i>
to
the
result
of
the
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
Generate
Blank
Node
Identifier
algorithm
</a>
passing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
for
<i>
identifier
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
graph
</i>
does
not
contain
a
member
<i>
id
</i>,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
<i>
id
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Create
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
reference
</i>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
<i>
id
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
list
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
node
</i>
does
not
have
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
<i>
reference
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
compare
<i>
reference
</i>
against
every
item
in
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
associated
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>.
If
there
is
no
item
equivalent
to
<i>
reference
</i>,
append
<i>
reference
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
Two
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
objects
</a>
are
considered
equal
if
they
have
equivalent
key-value
pairs.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
append
<i>
element
</i>
to
the
<code>
@list
</code>
member
of
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
of
the
<i>
id
</i>
member
of
<i>
graph
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
node
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@type
</code>
key,
append
each
item
of
its
associated
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
key
of
<i>
node
</i>
unless
it
is
already
in
that
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
Finally
remove
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@index
</code>
member,
set
the
<code>
@index
</code>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>
to
its
value.
If
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node" href="#dfn-node">
node
</a>
has
already
an
<code>
@index
</code>
member
with
a
different
value,
a
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes">
conflicting
indexes
</a>
</code>
error
has
been
detected
and
processing
is
aborted.
Otherwise,
continue
by
removing
the
<code>
@index
</code>
member
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
<i>
referenced
node
</i>
with
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
<i>
id
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
reverse
map
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member
of
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
key-value
pair
<i>
property
</i>
-
<i>
values
</i>
in
<i>
reverse
map
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
For
each
<i>
value
</i>
of
<i>
values
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
has
a
<i>
property
</i>
member,
append
<i>
referenced
node
</i>
to
its
value;
otherwise
create
a
<i>
property
</i>
member
whose
value
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
containing
<i>
referenced
node
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Recursively
invoke
this
algorithm
passing
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>,
<i>
node
map
</i>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Remove
the
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
element
</i>
has
an
<code>
@graph
</code>
member,
recursively
invoke
this
algorithm
passing
the
value
of
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
for
<i>
element
</i>,
<i>
node
map
</i>,
and
<i>
id
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>
before
removing
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
from
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Finally,
for
each
key-value
pair
<i>
property
</i>
-
<i>
value
</i>
in
<i>
element
</i>
ordered
by
<i>
property
</i>
perform
the
following
steps:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
property
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>,
replace
it
with
a
newly
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
generated
blank
node
identifier
</a>
passing
<i>
property
</i>
for
<i>
identifier
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
node
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
property
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Recursively
invoke
this
algorithm
passing
<i>
value
</i>
for
<i>
element
</i>,
<i>
node
map
</i>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-graph" href="#dfn-active-graph">
active
graph
</a>,
<i>
id
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-subject" href="#dfn-active-subject">
active
subject
</a>,
<i>
property
</i>
for
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-property" href="#dfn-active-property">
active
property
</a>,
and
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="generate-blank-node-identifier">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
9.3
</span>
Generate
Blank
Node
Identifier
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
is
used
to
determine
if
two
generate
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>
or
to
relabel
an
existing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
to
avoid
collision
by
the
introduction
of
new
ones.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-12">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
simplest
case
is
if
there
exists
already
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
in
the
<i>
identifier
map
</i>
for
the
passed
<i>
identifier
</i>,
in
which
case
it
is
simply
returned.
Otherwise,
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
is
generated
by
concatenating
the
string
<code>
_:b
</code>
and
the
<i>
counter
</i>.
If
the
passed
<i>
identifier
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
an
entry
is
created
in
the
<i>
identifier
map
</i>
associating
the
<i>
identifier
</i>
with
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
Finally,
the
<i>
counter
</i>
is
increased
by
one
and
the
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
is
returned.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-12">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
a
single
input
variable
<i>
identifier
</i>
which
may
be
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
Between
its
executions,
the
algorithm
needs
to
keep
an
<i>
identifier
map
</i>
to
relabel
existing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>
consistently
and
a
<i>
counter
</i>
to
generate
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>.
The
<i>
counter
</i>
is
initialized
to
<code>
0
</code>
by
default.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
identifier
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
has
an
entry
in
the
<i>
identifier
map
</i>,
return
the
mapped
identifier.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
generate
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
by
concatenating
the
string
<code>
_:b
</code>
and
<i>
counter
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Increment
<i>
counter
</i>
by
<code>
1
</code>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
identifier
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
create
a
new
entry
for
<i>
identifier
</i>
in
<i>
identifier
map
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Return
the
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="rdf-conversion-algorithms">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
10.
</span>
RDF
Conversion
Algorithms
</h2>
<p>
This
section
describes
algorithms
to
transform
a
JSON-LD
document
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>
and
vice
versa.
The
algorithms
are
designed
for
in-memory
implementations
with
random
access
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
elements.
</p>
<p>
Throughout
this
section,
the
following
vocabulary
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="prefix" href="#dfn-prefix">
prefixes
</a>
are
used
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="compact-iri" href="#dfn-compact-iri">
compact
IRIs
</a>:
</p>
<table class="simple">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Prefix
</th>
<th>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
rdf
</td>
<td>
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
rdfs
</td>
<td>
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
xsd
</td>
<td>
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<section id="convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.1
</span>
Convert
to
RDF
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithms
converts
a
JSON-LD
document
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>.
Please
note
that
RDF
does
not
allow
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
to
be
used
as
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property
</a>,
while
JSON-LD
does.
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-rdf-converter" href="#dfn-json-ld-rdf-converter">
JSON-LD-RDF
Converters
</a>
can
work
around
this
restriction,
when
converting
JSON-LD
to
RDF,
by
converting
such
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
nodes
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>,
minting
new
<del class="diff-old">&quot;Skolem
IRIs&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"Skolem
IRIs"
</ins>
as
per
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-skolemization">
Replacing
Blank
Nodes
with
IRIs
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
</p>
<div class="issue atrisk">
<div class="issue-title" role="heading" aria-level="4">
<span>
Feature
at
Risk
3
</span>:
Allow
blank
nodes
to
be
used
as
graph
name
or
property
</div>
<div class="atrisk">
<p class="atrisk-head">
Note:
This
feature
is
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#cfi">
<del class="diff-old">&quot;at
risk&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"at
risk"
</ins>
</a>
and
may
be
removed
from
this
specification
based
on
feedback.
Please
send
feedback
to
<a href="mailto:public-rdf-comments@w3.org">
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
</a>.
For
the
current
status
see
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/wiki/JSON-LD_Features_at_Risk">
features
<del class="diff-old">&quot;at
risk&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"at
risk"
</ins>
in
JSON-LD
1.0
</a>
</p>
<p>
RDF
does
not
currently
allow
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
to
be
used
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="property" href="#dfn-property">
property
</a>,
while
JSON-LD
does.
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-rdf-converter" href="#dfn-json-ld-rdf-converter">
JSON-LD-RDF
Converters
</a>
can
work
around
this
restriction,
when
converting
JSON-LD
to
RDF,
by
converting
such
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
nodes
</a>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>,
minting
new
<del class="diff-old">&quot;Skolem
IRIs&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"Skolem
IRIs"
</ins>
as
per
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-skolemization">
Replacing
Blank
Nodes
with
IRIs
</a>
</cite>
of
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
RDF11-CONCEPTS
</a>
</cite>
].
Based
on
feedback
from
implementors
the
Working
Group
may
decide
to
disallow
blank
nodes
as
graph
names
and
properties
in
JSON-LD.
If
this
change
would
affect
you,
be
sure
to
send
in
a
comment.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-13">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
The
JSON-LD
document
is
expanded
and
converted
to
a
<i>
node
map
</i>
using
the
<a href="#node-map-generation">
Node
Map
Generation
algorithm
</a>.
This
allows
each
graph
represented
within
the
document
to
be
extracted
and
flattened,
making
it
easier
to
process
each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>.
Each
graph
from
the
<i>
node
map
</i>
is
processed
to
extract
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triples
</a>,
to
which
any
(non-default)
graph
name
is
applied
to
create
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>.
Each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
in
the
<i>
node
map
</i>
has
an
<code>
@id
</code>
member
which
corresponds
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-subject" href="#dfn-rdf-subject">
RDF
subject
</a>,
the
other
members
represent
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-predicate" href="#dfn-rdf-predicate">
RDF
predicates
</a>.
Each
member
value
is
either
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
or
can
be
transformed
to
an
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literal
</a>
to
generate
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triple
</a>.
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
Lists
</a>
are
transformed
into
an
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">
RDF
Collection
</a>
using
the
<a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion">
List
to
RDF
Conversion
algorithm.
</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-13">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
a
JSON-LD
document
<i>
element
</i>
and
returns
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Expand
<i>
element
</i>
according
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Generate
a
<i>
node
map
</i>
according
the
<a href="#node-map-generation">
Node
Map
Generation
algorithm
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>
<i>
dataset
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
graph
name
</i>
and
<i>
graph
</i>
in
<i>
node
map
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
triples
</i>
as
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
subject
</i>
and
<i>
node
</i>
in
<i>
graph
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
For
each
<i>
property
</i>
and
<i>
values
</i>
in
<i>
node
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
property
</i>
is
<code>
@type
</code>,
then
for
each
<i>
type
</i>
in
<i>
values
</i>,
append
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
composed
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<code>
rdf:type
</code>,
and
<i>
type
</i>
to
<i>
triples
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
property
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
continue
to
the
next
<i>
property
</i>
-
<i>
values
</i>
pair.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
property
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>.
For
each
<i>
item
</i>
in
<i>
values
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>,
initialize
<i>
list
triples
</i>
as
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
and
<i>
list
head
</i>
to
the
result
of
the
<a href="#list-to-rdf-conversion">
List
Conversion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@list
</code>
key
from
<i>
item
</i>
and
<i>
list
triples
</i>.
Append
first
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
composed
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<i>
property
</i>,
and
<i>
list
head
</i>
to
<i>
triples
</i>
and
finally
append
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triples
</a>
from
<i>
list
triples
</i>
to
<i>
triples
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>.
Append
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
composed
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<i>
property
</i>,
and
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion">
Object
to
RDF
Conversion
algorithm
</a>
passing
<i>
item
</i>
to
<i>
triples
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
graph
name
</i>
is
<code>
@default
</code>,
add
<i>
triples
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>
in
<i>
dataset
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
create
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">
named
graph
</a>
in
<i>
dataset
</i>
composed
of
<i>
graph
name
</i>
and
add
<i>
triples
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
dataset
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="object-to-rdf-conversion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.2
</span>
Object
to
RDF
Conversion
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
takes
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
and
transforms
it
into
an
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-resource" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-resource">
RDF
resource
</a>
to
be
used
as
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="object" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-object">
object
</a>
of
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triple
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-14">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
Value
objects
</a>
are
transformed
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
as
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>
whereas
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
objects
</a>
are
transformed
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-14">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
as
its
sole
argument
<i>
item
</i>
which
must
be
either
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>
return
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
associated
with
its
<code>
@id
</code>
member.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
<i>
item
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>.
Initialize
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
in
<i>
item
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
datatype
</i>
to
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
of
<i>
item
</i>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
if
<i>
item
</i>
does
not
have
such
a
member.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>,
set
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
<code>
true
</code>
or
<code>
false
</code>
which
is
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
as
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>
If
<i>
datatype
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
with
fractions
or
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
and
<i>
datatype
</i>
equals
<code>
xsd:double
</code>,
convert
<i>
value
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
of
an
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
as
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
XMLSCHEMA11-2
</a>
</cite>
]
and
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>.
If
<i>
datatype
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
xsd:double
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
without
fractions
or
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
and
<i>
datatype
</i>
equals
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>,
convert
<i>
value
</i>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
of
an
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
as
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
XMLSCHEMA11-2
</a>
</cite>
]
and
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>.
If
<i>
datatype
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
datatype
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
set
it
to
<code>
xsd:string
</code>
or
<code>
rdf:langString
</code>,
depending
on
if
item
has
an
<code>
@language
</code>
member.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
literal
</i>
as
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literal
</a>
using
<i>
value
</i>
and
<i>
datatype
</i>.
If
<i>
item
</i>
has
an
<code>
@language
</code>
member,
add
the
value
associated
with
the
<code>
@language
</code>
key
as
the
language
tag
of
<i>
literal
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
literal
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="list-to-rdf-conversion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.3
</span>
List
to
RDF
Conversion
</h3>
<p>
List
Conversion
is
the
process
of
taking
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>
and
transforming
it
into
an
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">
RDF
Collection
</a>
as
defined
in
RDF
Semantics
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RDF-MT">
RDF-MT
</a>
</cite>
].
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-15">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
For
each
element
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
is
allocated
which
is
used
to
generate
<code>
rdf:first
</code>
and
<code>
rdf:rest
</code>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
triples
</a>.
The
algorithm
returns
the
list
head,
which
is
either
the
the
first
allocated
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
or
<code>
rdf:nil
</code>
if
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>
is
empty.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-15">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
two
inputs:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
list
</i>
and
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
list
triples
</i>
used
for
returning
the
generated
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
triples
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
list
</i>
is
empty,
return
<code>
rdf:nil
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
create
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
bnodes
</i>
composed
of
a
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
newly
generated
blank
node
identifier
</a>
for
each
entry
in
<i>
list
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
list
triples
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
pair
of
<i>
subject
</i>
from
<i>
bnodes
</i>
and
<i>
item
</i>
from
<i>
list
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Append
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
composed
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<code>
rdf:first
</code>,
and
the
result
of
using
th
<a href="#object-to-rdf-conversion">
Object
to
RDF
Conversion
algorithm
</a>
passing
<i>
item
</i>
to
<i>
list
triples
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
rest
</i>
as
the
next
entry
in
<i>
bnodes
</i>,
or
if
that
does
not
exist,
<code>
rdf:nil
</code>.
Append
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="triple" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-rdf-triple">
triple
</a>
composed
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<code>
rdf:rest
</code>,
and
<i>
rest
</i>
to
<i>
list
triples
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
the
first
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node" href="#dfn-blank-node">
blank
node
</a>
from
<i>
bnodes
</i>
or
<code>
rdf:nil
</code>
if
<i>
bnodes
</i>
is
empty.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.4
</span>
Convert
from
RDF
Algorithm
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
converts
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>
consisting
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>
and
zero
or
more
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="named-graph" href="#dfn-named-graph">
named
graphs
</a>
into
a
JSON-LD
document.
</p>
<del class="diff-old">Feature
at
Risk
4
:
Converting
list
of
lists
to
JSON-LD
Note:
This
feature
is
&quot;at
risk&quot;
and
may
be
removed
from
this
specification
based
on
feedback.
Please
send
feedback
to
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
.
For
the
current
status
see
features
&quot;at
risk&quot;
in
JSON-LD
1.0
In
the
interest
of
space
and
simplicity,
the
steps
necessary
for
handling
lists
of
lists
have
been
omitted.
Such
lists
and
their
elements
must,
recursively,
be
handled
like
other
lists.
Lists
of
lists
can,
however,
not
be
represented
in
JSON-LD
using
@list
;
they
have
to
be
represented
as
a
set
of
interlinked
node
objects
using
RDF's
rdf:first
and
rdf:rest
properties.
The
Working
Group
might
either
require
handling
of
lists-of-lists
or
forbid
them
in
JSON-LD
1.0.
Implementers
please
send
reports
of
whether
you
are
able
to
implement
handling
for
lists-of-lists
or
would
instead
request
such
structures
be
disallowed.
</del>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-16">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
Iterate
through
each
graph
in
the
dataset,
converting
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-collection" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_collectionvocab">
RDF
Collections
</a>
into
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list" href="#dfn-list">
list
</a>
and
generating
a
JSON-LD
document
in
expanded
form
for
all
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>.
If
the
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
flag
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
that
equals
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
or
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
are
converted
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
JSON
numbers
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
that
equals
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>
are
converted
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
based
on
their
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
as
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-16">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
The
algorithm
takes
two
required
inputs:
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>
and
a
flag
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
that
defaults
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
<i>
default
graph
</i>
to
<del class="diff-old">a
new
JSON
object
consisting
of
two
members,
nodeMap
and
listMap
,
whose
value
is
an
</del>
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
graph
map
</i>
to
<del class="diff-old">an
empty
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">a
</ins>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@default
</code>
whose
value
<del class="diff-old">is
set
to
reference
default
graph
.
Reference
the
nodeMap
member
of
default
graph
using
the
variable
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">references
</ins>
<i>
default
graph
<del class="diff-old">nodes
</del>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
graph
</i>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-dataset" href="#dfn-rdf-dataset">
RDF
dataset
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
graph
</i>
is
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>,
set
<i>
name
</i>
to
<code>
@default
</code>,
otherwise
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="graph-name" href="#dfn-graph-name">
graph
name
</a>
associated
with
<i>
graph
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
graph
map
</i>
has
no
<i>
name
</i>
member,
create
one
and
set
its
value
to
<del class="diff-old">a
to
a
new
JSON
object
consisting
of
two
members,
nodeMap
and
listMap
,
whose
value
is
an
</del>
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
graph
</i>
is
not
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-graph" href="#dfn-default-graph">
default
graph
</a>
and
<i>
default
graph
<del class="diff-old">nodes
</del>
</i>
does
not
have
a
<i>
name
</i>
member,
create
such
a
member
and
initialize
its
value
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
with
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
<i>
name
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
value
of
the
<i>
name
</i>
member
in
<i>
graph
map
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
<del class="diff-old">graph
object
.
Reference
the
value
of
the
nodeMap
member
in
graph
object
using
the
variable
</del>
node
map
<del class="diff-old">and
the
value
of
the
listMap
member
using
the
variable
list
map
</del>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triple
</a>
in
<i>
graph
</i>
consisting
of
<i>
subject
</i>,
<i>
predicate
</i>,
and
<i>
object
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
<del class="diff-old">predicate
equals
rdf:first
,
If
list
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
map
</i>
<del class="diff-old">has
no
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">does
not
have
a
</ins>
<i>
subject
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
<del class="diff-old">it
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">its
value
</ins>
to
<del class="diff-old">an
empty
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">a
new
</ins>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
<del class="diff-old">.
</del>
</a>
<ins class="diff-chg">consisting
of
a
single
member
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
whose
value
is
set
to
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subject
</ins></i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Initialize
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Reference
</ins>
the
value
of
the
<del class="diff-old">first
member
of
the
</del>
<i>
subject
</i>
member
<del class="diff-old">of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">in
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">list
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
map
</i>
<del class="diff-old">to
the
result
of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">using
</ins>
the
<del class="diff-old">RDF
to
Object
Conversion
algorithm
,
passing
object
and
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">variable
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">use
native
types
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Continue
with
the
next
RDF
triple
.
</del>
If
<i>
<del class="diff-old">predicate
equals
rdf:rest
:
If
list
map
has
no
subject
member,
create
one
and
initialize
it
to
an
empty
JSON
</del>
object
<del class="diff-old">.
Initialize
the
value
of
the
rest
member
of
the
subject
member
of
list
map
</del>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">to
object
,
which
</del>
is
<del class="diff-old">either
</del>
an
<del class="diff-old">absolute
</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
<del class="diff-old">.
Continue
with
the
next
RDF
triple
.
If
</del>
</a>,
<ins class="diff-chg">does
not
equal
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:nil
</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
and
</ins>
<i>
node
map
</i>
does
not
have
<del class="diff-old">a
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">an
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">subject
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">object
</ins>
</i>
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
<del class="diff-old">subject
.
Reference
the
value
of
the
subject
member
in
node
map
using
the
variable
node
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">object
</ins>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
predicate
</i>
equals
<code>
rdf:type
</code>,
and
<i>
object
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>,
append
<i>
object
</i>
to
the
value
of
the
<code>
@type
</code>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>.
If
no
such
member
exists,
create
one
and
initialize
it
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
whose
only
item
is
<i>
object
</i>.
Finally,
continue
to
the
next
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-triple" href="#dfn-rdf-triple">
RDF
triple
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
<del class="diff-old">node
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">object
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
equals
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:nil
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
and
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
predicate
</ins>
</i>
does
not
<del class="diff-old">have
an
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">equal
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:rest
</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
set
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">predicate
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">value
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">to
a
new
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
object
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
consisting
of
a
single
member
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@list
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
whose
</ins>
value
<ins class="diff-new">is
set
</ins>
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Set
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Otherwise,
set
</ins>
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#rdf-to-object-conversion">
RDF
to
Object
Conversion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<i>
object
</i>
and
<i>
use
native
types
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<ins class="diff-new">If
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
node
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
does
not
have
an
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
predicate
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
member,
create
one
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
array
</ins></a>.</li><li>
Add
a
reference
to
<i>
value
</i>
to
the
to
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
associated
with
the
<i>
predicate
</i>
member
of
<i>
node
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
object
</i>
is
<del class="diff-old">an
IRI
or
</del>
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
</a>
<ins class="diff-new">and
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
predicate
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
equals
neither
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
rdf:first
</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
nor
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
rdf:rest
</ins></code>,
it
might
represent
the
head
of
a
RDF
list:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<ins class="diff-new">the
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">list
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">object
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
member
of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
node
</ins>
map
</i>
has
<del class="diff-old">no
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">an
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
usages
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
member,
add
a
reference
to
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">object
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">value
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">member,
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">to
it;
otherwise
</ins>
create
<del class="diff-old">one
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">such
a
member
</ins>
and
set
its
value
to
an
<del class="diff-old">empty
JSON
object
.
Set
the
head
member
of
the
object
member
of
list
map
to
</del>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
<ins class="diff-chg">array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
whose
only
item
is
</ins>
a
reference
<del class="diff-old">of
value
.
This
reference
may
be
required
later
</del>
to
<del class="diff-old">replace
the
</del>
<i>
value
<del class="diff-old">in
the
predicate
member
of
node
with
a
list
object
.
</del>
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
name
</i>
and
<i>
graph
object
</i>
in
<i>
graph
map
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Reference
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subjects
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
to
an
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
whose
items
are
</ins>
the
<del class="diff-old">value
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">keys
</ins>
of
<del class="diff-old">the
listMap
member
in
</del>
<i>
graph
object
<del class="diff-old">using
the
variable
list
map
</del>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
<del class="diff-old">each
key-value
pair
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">item
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">subject
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">subj
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">-
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
array
</ins></a>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">subjects
</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
perform
the
following
steps:
</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
If
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
graph
object
</ins>
</i>
<ins class="diff-new">does
not
have
a
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
subj
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
member,
it
has
been
removed
as
it
was
part
</ins>
of
<ins class="diff-new">a
list.
Continue
with
the
next
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
subj
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Reference
</ins>
the
value
<del class="diff-old">associated
to
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
</ins>
the
<del class="diff-old">listMap
</del>
<i>
<ins class="diff-chg">subj
</ins></i>
member
of
<i>
graph
object
<del class="diff-old">:
</del>
</i>
<ins class="diff-chg">using
the
variable
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
node
</ins></i>.</li>
<li>
If
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
</i>
has
<del class="diff-old">not
an
head
and
an
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">no
</ins>
<code>
<del class="diff-old">first
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">usages
</ins>
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">it
does
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">or
its
value
is
</ins>
not
<del class="diff-old">represent
the
head
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">an
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
consisting
</ins>
of
<del class="diff-old">a
list
.
Continue
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">one
item,
continue
</ins>
with
the
next
<del class="diff-old">key-value
pair.
</del>
<i>
<ins class="diff-chg">subj
</ins></i>.
</li>
<li>
Reference
the
<ins class="diff-new">only
item
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
which
is
the
</ins>
value
of
the
<code>
<del class="diff-old">head
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">usages
</ins>
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">in
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
</i>
using
the
variable
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Remove
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Initialize
the
variables
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
and
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
nodes
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
to
empty
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
arrays
</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
Initialize
</ins>
the
<i>
<ins class="diff-new">subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
to
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
subj
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
As
long
as
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
does
not
equal
</ins><code><ins class="diff-new">
rdf:nil
</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
and
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
list
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
is
not
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-new">
perform
the
following
steps:
</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-new">
If
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
node
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
is
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
;
the
value
of
its
</ins>
<code>
@id
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">from
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">does
not
begin
with
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
_:
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
;
it
has
members
other
than
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
usages
</ins></code>,<code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:first
</ins></code>,<ins class="diff-chg">
and
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:rest
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
;
the
</ins>
value
<del class="diff-old">.
Add
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
its
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
rdf:first
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
and
member
is
not
</ins>
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
<ins class="diff-new">array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
consisting
of
a
single
item;
or
the
value
of
its
</ins>
<code>
<del class="diff-old">@list
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:rest
</ins>
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">to
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">is
not
an
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-chg">
array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
containing
a
single
item
which
is
a
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
object
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
that
has
an
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
member,
it
is
not
a
valid
list
node.
Set
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">value
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">list
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">and
initialize
it
</del>
to
<del class="diff-old">an
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">null.
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
Otherwise:
</ins><ol class="algorithm"><li><ins class="diff-chg">
Add
the
item
of
the
</ins>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<del class="diff-old">containing
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">which
is
</ins>
the
value
of
the
<code>
<del class="diff-old">first
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:first
</ins>
</code>
member
of
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
to
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
</ins>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">While
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Add
</ins>
the
value
<del class="diff-old">associated
with
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
</ins>
the
<code>
<del class="diff-old">rest
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@id
</ins>
</code>
member
of
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
is
not
rdf:nil
:
Set
rest
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
</i>
to
<i>
<ins class="diff-new">list
nodes
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
The
only
item
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array"><ins class="diff-new">
array
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
which
is
</ins>
the
value
of
the
<code>
<del class="diff-old">rest
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">rdf:rest
</ins>
</code>
member
of
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
is
a
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON
object
</ins></a>.
Set
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">subject
</ins>
</i>
to
the
value
<del class="diff-old">associated
with
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">of
its
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
@id
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
member.
</ins></li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
If
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
graph
object
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
has
a
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
member,
reference
its
value
using
</ins>
the
<ins class="diff-new">variable
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">rest
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">node
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">member
of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">;
otherwise
set
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
node
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
null
</ins></a>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
If
</ins>
<i>
list
<del class="diff-old">map
.
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">nodes
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
contains
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
a
cycle
has
been
detected,
set
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
null
</ins></a>.</li></ol></li></ol>
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Add
the
value
associated
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">If
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
is
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-chg">
null
</ins></a>,<ins class="diff-chg">
continue
</ins>
with
the
<ins class="diff-new">next
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
subj
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-new">
Remove
the
</ins>
<code>
<del class="diff-old">first
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">@id
</ins>
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">from
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">entry
to
the
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">value
</ins></i>.</li><li><ins class="diff-chg">
Add
an
</ins>
<code>
@list
</code>
member
<del class="diff-old">of
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">to
</ins>
<i>
value
</i>
<ins class="diff-new">and
initialize
it
to
</ins><i><ins class="diff-new">
list
</ins>
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<ins class="diff-chg">For
each
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
in
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
list
nodes
</ins></i>,<ins class="diff-chg">
remove
the
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
member
of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
graph
object
</ins></i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
<li>
For
each
<i>
subject
</i>
and
<i>
node
</i>
in
<i>
default
graph
<del class="diff-old">nodes
</del>
</i>
ordered
by
<i>
subject
</i>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
graph
map
</i>
has
<del class="diff-old">an
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">a
</ins>
<i>
subject
</i>
member:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Add
a
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
to
<i>
node
</i>
and
initialize
its
value
to
an
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Reference
the
nodeMap
member
of
the
subject
member
of
graph
map
using
the
variable
node
map
.
</del>
For
each
key-value
pair
<i>
s
</i>
-
<i>
n
</i>
in
<ins class="diff-new">the
the
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">node
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">subject
</ins></i><ins class="diff-chg">
member
of
</ins><i><ins class="diff-chg">
graph
</ins>
map
</i>
ordered
by
<i>
s
</i>,
append
<i>
n
</i>
to
the
<code>
@graph
</code>
member
of
<i>
node
<del class="diff-old">.
</del>
</i>
<ins class="diff-chg">after
removing
its
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
usages
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
member.
</ins>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Append
<i>
node
</i>
to
<i>
result
<del class="diff-old">.
</del>
</i>
<ins class="diff-chg">after
removing
its
</ins><code><ins class="diff-chg">
usages
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
member.
</ins>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="rdf-to-object-conversion">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.5
</span>
RDF
to
Object
Conversion
</h3>
<p>
This
algorithm
transforms
an
RDF
literal
to
a
JSON-LD
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
and
a
RDF
blank
node
or
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
to
an
JSON-LD
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>.
</p>
<section class="informative">
<h4 id="overview-17">
Overview
</h4>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
are
transformed
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
objects
</a>
whereas
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
IRIs
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifiers
</a>
are
transformed
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
objects
</a>.
If
the
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
flag
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
that
equals
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
or
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
are
converted
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
JSON
numbers
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
that
equals
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>
are
converted
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
based
on
their
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
as
described
in
<a class="sectionRef" href="#data-round-tripping">
section
10.6
Data
Round
Tripping
</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="algorithm-17">
Algorithm
</h4>
<p>
This
algorithm
takes
two
required
inputs:
a
<i>
value
</i>
to
be
converted
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
and
a
flag
<i>
use
native
types
</i>.
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
<i>
value
</i>
is
an
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="blank-node-identifier" href="#dfn-blank-node-identifier">
blank
node
identifier
<del class="diff-old">:
If
value
equals
rdf:nil
return
a
new
JSON
object
consisting
of
a
single
member
@list
whose
value
is
set
to
an
empty
array
.
This
is
behavior
is
required
by
the
Convert
from
RDF
algorithm
.
Otherwise,
</del>
</a>,
return
a
new
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
consisting
of
a
single
member
<code>
@id
</code>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise
<i>
value
</i>
is
an
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literal" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literal
</a>:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Initialize
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
result.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
converted
value
</i>
to
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
<i>
type
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
is
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>
equals
<code>
xsd:string
</code>,
set
<i>
converted
value
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>
equals
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>,
set
<i>
converted
value
</i>
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
if
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>
matches
<code>
true
</code>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
if
it
matches
<code>
false
</code>.
If
it
matches
neither,
set
<i>
type
</i>
to
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>
equals
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
or
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
and
its
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
is
a
valid
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
or
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
according
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
XMLSCHEMA11-2
</a>
</cite>
],
set
<i>
converted
value
</i>
to
the
result
of
converting
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="lexical-form" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-lexical-form">
lexical
form
</a>
to
a
JSON
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
if
<i>
value
</i>
is
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">
language-tagged
string
</a>
add
a
member
<code>
@language
</code>
to
<i>
result
</i>
and
set
its
value
to
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-tag" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tag">
language
tag
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Otherwise,
set
<i>
type
</i>
to
the
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
<i>
value
</i>,
unless
it
equals
<code>
xsd:string
</code>
which
is
ignored.
</li>
<li>
Add
a
member
<code>
@value
</code>
to
<i>
result
</i>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
converted
value
</i>.
</li>
<li>
If
<i>
type
</i>
is
not
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>,
add
a
member
<code>
@type
</code>
to
<i>
result
</i>
whose
value
is
set
to
<i>
type
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Return
<i>
result
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="data-round-tripping">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
10.6
</span>
Data
Round
Tripping
</h3>
<p>
When
<a href="#convert-to-rdf-algorithm">
converting
JSON-LD
to
RDF
</a>
JSON-native
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>
are
automatically
type-coerced
to
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
or
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
depending
on
whether
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
has
fractions
or
not,
the
boolean
values
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
are
coerced
to
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>,
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>
are
coerced
to
<code>
xsd:string
</code>.
The
numeric
or
boolean
values
itself
are
converted
to
<dfn title="canonical-lexical-form" id="dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</dfn>,
i.e.,
a
deterministic
string
representation
as
defined
in
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
XMLSCHEMA11-2
</a>
</cite>
].
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
of
an
<em>
integer
</em>,
i.e.,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
without
fractions
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
coerced
to
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>,
is
a
finite-length
sequence
of
decimal
digits
(
<code>
0-9
</code>
)
with
an
optional
leading
minus
sign;
leading
zeros
are
prohibited.
In
JavaScript,
implementers
can
use
the
following
snippet
of
code
to
convert
an
integer
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="example-title">
<span>
Example
12
</span>:
Sample
integer
serialization
implementation
in
JavaScript
</div>
<pre class="example">
(value).toFixed(0).toString()
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
of
a
<em>
double
</em>,
i.e.,
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
with
fractions
or
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
coerced
to
<code>
xsd:double
</code>,
consists
of
a
mantissa
followed
by
the
character
<code>
E
</code>,
followed
by
an
exponent.
The
mantissa
is
a
decimal
number
and
the
exponent
is
an
integer.
Leading
zeros
and
a
preceding
plus
sign
(
<code>
+
</code>
)
are
prohibited
in
the
exponent.
If
the
exponent
is
zero,
it
is
indicated
by
<code>
E0
</code>.
For
the
mantissa,
the
preceding
optional
plus
sign
is
prohibited
and
the
decimal
point
is
required.
Leading
and
trailing
zeros
are
prohibited
subject
to
the
following:
number
representations
must
be
normalized
such
that
there
is
a
single
digit
which
is
non-zero
to
the
left
of
the
decimal
point
and
at
least
a
single
digit
to
the
right
of
the
decimal
point
unless
the
value
being
represented
is
zero.
The
canonical
representation
for
zero
is
<code>
0.0E0
</code>.
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
's
value
space
is
defined
by
the
IEEE
double-precision
64-bit
floating
point
type
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-IEEE-754-1985">
IEEE-754-1985
</a>
</cite>
]
whereas
the
value
space
of
JSON
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>
is
not
specified;
when
converting
JSON-LD
to
RDF
the
mantissa
is
rounded
to
<del class="diff-old">15
digits
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">15&nbsp;digits
</ins>
after
the
decimal
point.
In
JavaScript,
implementers
can
use
the
following
snippet
of
code
to
convert
a
double
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="example-title">
<span>
Example
13
</span>:
Sample
floating
point
number
serialization
implementation
in
JavaScript
</div>
<pre class="example">
(value).toExponential(15).replace(/(\d)0*e\+?/,'$1E')
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
of
the
<em>
boolean
</em>
values
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>
and
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
are
the
strings
<code>
true
</code>
and
<code>
false
</code>.
</p>
<p>
When
JSON-native
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>,
are
converted
to
RDF,
lossless
data
round-tripping
can
not
be
guaranteed
as
rounding
errors
might
occur.
When
converting
<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
RDF
to
JSON-LD
</a>,
similar
rounding
errors
might
occur.
Furthermore,
the
datatype
or
the
lexical
representation
might
be
lost.
An
<code>
xsd:double
</code>
with
a
value
of
<code>
2.0
</code>
will,
e.g.,
result
in
an
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
with
a
value
of
<code>
2
</code>
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="canonical-lexical-form" href="#dfn-canonical-lexical-form">
canonical
lexical
form
</a>
when
converted
from
RDF
to
JSON-LD
and
back
to
RDF.
It
is
important
to
highlight
that
in
practice
it
might
be
impossible
to
losslessly
convert
an
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>
to
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>
because
its
value
space
is
not
limited.
While
the
JSON
specification
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC4627">
RFC4627
</a>
</cite>
]
does
not
limit
the
value
space
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
numbers
</a>
either,
concrete
implementations
typically
do
have
a
limited
value
space.
</p>
<p>
To
ensure
lossless
round-tripping
the
<a href="#convert-from-rdf-algorithm">
Converting
from
RDF
algorithm
</a>
specifies
a
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
flag
which
controls
whether
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="rdf-literals" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal">
RDF
literals
</a>
with
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="datatype-iri" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-datatype-iri">
datatype
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
equal
to
<code>
xsd:integer
</code>,
<code>
xsd:double
</code>,
or
<code>
xsd:boolean
</code>
are
converted
to
their
JSON-native
counterparts.
If
the
<i>
use
native
types
</i>
flag
is
set
to
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>,
all
literals
remain
in
their
original
string
representation.
</p>
<p>
Some
JSON
serializers,
such
as
PHP's
native
implementation
in
some
versions,
backslash-escape
the
forward
slash
character.
For
example,
the
value
<code>
http://example.com/
</code>
would
be
serialized
as
<code>
http:\/\/example.com\/
</code>.
This
is
problematic
as
other
JSON
parsers
might
not
understand
those
escaping
characters.
There
is
no
need
to
backslash-escape
forward
slashes
in
JSON-LD.
To
aid
interoperability
between
JSON-LD
processors,
forward
slashes
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
MUST
NOT
</em>
be
backslash-escaped.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="the-application-programming-interface">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
11.
</span>
The
Application
Programming
Interface
</h2>
<p>
This
API
provides
a
clean
mechanism
that
enables
developers
to
convert
JSON-LD
data
into
a
variety
of
output
formats
that
are
often
easier
to
work
with.
A
conformant
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
JSON-LD
API
Implementation
</a>
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>
implement
the
entirety
of
the
following
API.
</p>
<p>
<ins class="diff-chg">The
JSON-LD
API
uses
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="future" href="#dfn-future"><ins class="diff-chg">
Futures
</ins></a><ins class="diff-chg">
to
represent
the
result
of
the
various
asynchronous
operations.
</ins><dfn title="future" id="dfn-future"><ins class="diff-chg">
Futures
</ins></dfn><ins class="diff-chg">
are
defined
in
</ins><cite><a href="http://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#futures"><ins class="diff-chg">
section&nbsp;4
Futures
</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
of
[
</ins><cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-DOM-WHATWG"><ins class="diff-chg">
DOM-WHATWG
</ins></a></cite><ins class="diff-chg">
].
</ins></p><section id="the-jsonldprocessor-interface">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
11.1
</span>
The
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdProcessor
</code>
</a>
Interface
</h3>
<p>
The
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdProcessor
</code>
</a>
interface
is
the
high-level
programming
structure
that
developers
use
to
access
the
JSON-LD
transformation
methods.
</p>
<p>
It
is
important
to
highlight
that
conformant
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation">
JSON-LD
API
Implementations
</a>
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
MUST
NOT
</em>
modify
the
input
parameters.
If
an
error
is
detected,
the
<del class="diff-old">callback
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Future
</ins>
is
<del class="diff-old">invoked
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">rejected
</ins>
passing
a
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdError
</code>
</a>
with
the
corresponding
error
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdError-code">
code
</a>
</code>
and
processing
is
stopped.
</p>
<del class="diff-old">Feature
at
Risk
5
:
Use
of
method
overloading
to
make
the
options
parameter
optional
Note:
This
feature
is
&quot;at
risk&quot;
and
may
be
removed
from
this
specification
based
on
feedback.
Please
send
feedback
to
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
.
For
the
current
status
see
features
&quot;at
risk&quot;
in
JSON-LD
1.0
The
definition
of
the
JsonLdProcessor
interface
uses
method
overloading
to
make
the
&quot;options&quot;
parameter
optional.
According
to
the
current
version
of
the
Web
IDL
specification
[
WEBIDL
],
this
would
not
be
supported
as
the
&quot;options&quot;
parameter
(a
dictionary)
and
the
callback
parameter
(a
callback
function)
are
not
distinguishable
.
A
bug
report
has
been
already
been
filed.
If
it
turns
out
that
this
is
not
a
bug,
the
Working
Group
may
change
the
interface
by
swapping
the
&quot;options&quot;
and
&quot;callback&quot;
parameter.
</del>
    <pre class="idl"><span class="idlInterface" id="idl-def-JsonLdProcessor">[<span class="extAttr">Constructor</span>]
interface <span class="idlInterfaceID">JsonLdProcessor</span> {
<span class="idlMethod">    <span class="idlMethType"><a>Future</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">compact</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>any</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdContext" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdContext</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
<span class="idlMethod">    <span class="idlMethType"><a>Future</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-Future-any-input-JsonLdOptions-options">expand</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>any</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
<span class="idlMethod">    <span class="idlMethType"><a>Future</a></span> <span class="idlMethName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">flatten</a></span> (<span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a>any</a></span> <span class="idlParamName">input</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdContext" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdContext</code></a>?</span> <span class="idlParamName">context</span></span>, <span class="idlParam">optional <span class="idlParamType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdOptions</code></a></span> <span class="idlParamName">options</span></span>);</span>
};
</span>
</pre>
<section>
<h4 id="methods">
Methods
</h4>
<dl class="methods">
<dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-compact-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">
<code>
compact
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="#compaction">
Compacts
</a>
the
given
<i>
input
</i>
using
the
<i>
context
</i>
according
to
the
steps
in
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
algorithm
</a>:
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
<ins class="diff-new">Create
a
new
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="future" href="#dfn-future"><ins class="diff-new">
Future
</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-new">
future
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
and
return
it.
The
following
steps
are
then
executed
asynchronously.
</ins></li><li>
If
the
passed
<i>
input
</i>
is
a
<span class="idlParamType">
DOMString
</span>
representing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
a
remote
document,
dereference
it.
If
the
retrieved
document
has
a
content
type
different
than
<code>
application/ld+json
</code>
or
<code>
application/json
</code>
or
if
the
document
cannot
be
parsed
as
JSON,
<del class="diff-old">invoke
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">reject
</ins>
the
<i>
<del class="diff-old">callback
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
passing
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-document-failed">
loading
document
failed
</a>
</code>
error.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
<ins class="diff-new">The
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
active
context
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
is
set
to
the
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
currently
being
processed
document,
if
available;
otherwise
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
If
set,
the
</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-new">
compactArrays
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
overrides
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a>.
</li>
<li>
If
an
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
has
been
passed,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<i>
input
</i>
has
been
retrieved
and
the
response
has
a
content
type
<code>
application/json
</code>
and
an
HTTP
Link
Header
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC5988">
RFC5988
</a>
</cite>
]
using
the
<code>
http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context
</code>
link
relation,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
context
referenced
in
the
HTTP
Link
Header
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
expanded
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
<i>
input
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
compacted
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<i>
context
</i>,
<i>
expanded
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>,
and
if
passed,
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
flag
in
<i>
options
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Invoke
callback
,
passing
null
for
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Accept
the
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">error
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">and
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">passing
</ins>
<i>
compacted
<del class="diff-old">for
document
</del>
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
<table class="parameters">
<tr>
<th>
Parameter
</th>
<th>
Type
</th>
<th>
Nullable
</th>
<th>
Optional
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
input
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<del class="diff-old">JsonLdInput
</del>
<a>
<ins class="diff-chg">any
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmOptFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
to
perform
the
compaction
upon
or
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
compact.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
context
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdContext" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdContext
</code>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmOptFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
The
context
to
use
when
compacting
the
<code>
input
</code>
;
either
in
the
form
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
or
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
options
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<del class="diff-old">✘
</del>
<td class="prmOptTrue">
<ins class="diff-chg">✔
</ins>
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
A
set
of
options
to
configure
the
algorithms.
This
allows,
e.g.,
to
set
the
input
document's
base
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<del class="diff-old">callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
</del>
</table>
<div>
<em>
Return
type:
</em>
<code>
<a>
<del class="diff-old">void
compact
This
method
is
the
same
as
the
compact
method
defined
above
but
without
the
the
options
parameter:
Parameter
Type
Nullable
Optional
Description
input
JsonLdInput
✘
✘
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
to
perform
the
compaction
upon
or
an
IRI
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
compact.
context
JsonLdContext
✘
✘
The
context
to
use
when
compacting
the
input
;
either
in
the
form
of
a
JSON
object
or
as
IRI
.
callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
Return
type:
void
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Future
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-expand-Future-any-input-JsonLdOptions-options">
<code>
expand
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="#expansion">
Expands
</a>
the
given
<i>
input
</i>
according
to
the
steps
in
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>:
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
<ins class="diff-new">Create
a
new
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="future" href="#dfn-future"><ins class="diff-new">
Future
</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-new">
future
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
and
return
it.
The
following
steps
are
then
executed
asynchronously.
</ins></li><li>
If
the
passed
<i>
input
</i>
is
a
<span class="idlParamType">
DOMString
</span>
representing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
a
remote
document,
dereference
it.
If
the
retrieved
document
has
a
content
type
different
than
<code>
application/ld+json
</code>
or
<code>
application/json
</code>
or
if
the
document
cannot
be
parsed
as
JSON,
<del class="diff-old">invoke
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">reject
</ins>
the
<i>
<del class="diff-old">callback
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
passing
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-document-failed">
loading
document
failed
</a>
</code>
error.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
<ins class="diff-new">The
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
active
context
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
is
set
to
the
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
currently
being
processed
document,
if
available;
otherwise
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
If
set,
the
</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-new">
compactArrays
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
overrides
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a>.
</li>
<li>
If
an
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
has
been
passed,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<i>
input
</i>
has
been
retrieved
and
the
response
has
a
content
type
<code>
application/json
</code>
and
an
HTTP
Link
Header
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC5988">
RFC5988
</a>
</cite>
]
using
the
<code>
http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context
</code>
link
relation,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
context
referenced
in
the
HTTP
Link
Header
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
expanded
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
<i>
input
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Invoke
callback
,
passing
null
for
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Accept
the
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">error
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">and
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">passing
</ins>
<i>
expanded
<del class="diff-old">for
document
</del>
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
<table class="parameters">
<tr>
<th>
Parameter
</th>
<th>
Type
</th>
<th>
Nullable
</th>
<th>
Optional
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
input
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<del class="diff-old">JsonLdInput
</del>
<a>
<ins class="diff-chg">any
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmOptFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
to
perform
the
expansion
upon
or
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
expand.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
options
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<del class="diff-old">✘
</del>
<td class="prmOptTrue">
<ins class="diff-chg">✔
</ins>
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
A
set
of
options
to
configure
the
used
algorithms
such.
This
allows,
e.g.,
to
set
the
input
document's
base
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<del class="diff-old">callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
Return
type:
void
expand
This
method
is
the
same
as
the
expand
method
defined
above
but
without
the
the
options
parameter:
Parameter
Type
Nullable
Optional
Description
input
JsonLdInput
✘
✘
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
to
perform
the
expansion
upon
or
an
IRI
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
expand.
callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
</del>
</table>
<div>
<em>
Return
type:
</em>
<code>
<a>
<del class="diff-old">void
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Future
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdProcessor-flatten-Future-any-input-JsonLdContext-context-JsonLdOptions-options">
<code>
flatten
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
<a href="#flattening">
Flattens
</a>
the
given
<i>
input
</i>
and
<a href="#compaction">
compacts
</a>
it
using
the
passed
<i>
context
</i>
according
to
the
steps
in
the
<a href="#flattening-algorithm">
Flattening
algorithm
</a>:
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
<ins class="diff-new">Create
a
new
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="future" href="#dfn-future"><ins class="diff-new">
Future
</ins></a><i><ins class="diff-new">
future
</ins></i><ins class="diff-new">
and
return
it.
The
following
steps
are
then
executed
asynchronously.
</ins></li><li>
If
the
passed
<i>
input
</i>
is
a
<span class="idlParamType">
DOMString
</span>
representing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
of
a
remote
document,
dereference
it.
If
the
retrieved
document
has
a
content
type
different
than
<code>
application/ld+json
</code>
or
<code>
application/json
</code>
or
if
the
document
cannot
be
parsed
as
JSON,
<del class="diff-old">invoke
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">reject
</ins>
the
<i>
<del class="diff-old">callback
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
passing
an
<code class="error">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-document-failed">
loading
document
failed
</a>
</code>
error.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
a
new
empty
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>.
<ins class="diff-new">The
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context"><ins class="diff-new">
active
context
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
is
set
to
the
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr><ins class="diff-new">
of
the
currently
being
processed
document,
if
available;
otherwise
to
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null"><ins class="diff-new">
null
</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-new">
If
set,
the
</ins><code class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays"><ins class="diff-new">
compactArrays
</ins></a></code><ins class="diff-new">
overrides
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri"><ins class="diff-new">
base
</ins><abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier"><ins class="diff-new">
IRI
</ins></abbr></a>.
</li>
<li>
If
an
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
has
been
passed,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
expandContext
</a>
</code>
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
If
the
<i>
input
</i>
has
been
retrieved
and
the
response
has
a
content
type
<code>
application/json
</code>
and
an
HTTP
Link
Header
[
<cite>
<a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC5988">
RFC5988
</a>
</cite>
]
using
the
<code>
http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context
</code>
link
relation,
update
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
using
the
<a href="#context-processing-algorithm">
Context
Processing
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
context
referenced
in
the
HTTP
Link
Header
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
expanded
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#expansion-algorithm">
Expansion
algorithm
</a>,
passing
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="active-context" href="#dfn-active-context">
active
context
</a>
and
<i>
input
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>.
</li>
<li>
Initialize
an
empty
<i>
identifier
map
</i>
and
a
<i>
counter
</i>
(set
to
<code>
0
</code>
)
to
be
used
by
the
<a href="#generate-blank-node-identifier">
Generate
Blank
Node
Identifier
algorithm
</a>.
</li>
<li>
Set
<i>
flattened
</i>
to
the
result
of
using
the
<a href="#flattening-algorithm">
Flattening
algorithm
</a>,
passing
<i>
expanded
</i>
as
<i>
element
</i>,
<i>
context
</i>,
and
if
passed,
the
<code class="idlMemberName">
<a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
compactArrays
</a>
</code>
flag
in
<i>
options
</i>
(which
is
internally
passed
to
the
<a href="#compaction-algorithm">
Compaction
algorithm
</a>
).
</li>
<li>
<del class="diff-old">Invoke
callback
,
passing
null
for
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Accept
the
</ins>
<i>
<del class="diff-old">error
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">future
</ins>
</i>
<del class="diff-old">and
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">passing
</ins>
<i>
flattened
<del class="diff-old">for
document
</del>
</i>.
</li>
</ol>
<table class="parameters">
<tr>
<th>
Parameter
</th>
<th>
Type
</th>
<th>
Nullable
</th>
<th>
Optional
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
input
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<del class="diff-old">JsonLdInput
</del>
<a>
<ins class="diff-chg">any
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmOptFalse">
✘
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
or
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
flatten.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
context
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdContext" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdContext
</code>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullTrue">
✔
</td>
<del class="diff-old">✘
</del>
<td class="prmOptTrue">
<ins class="diff-chg">✔
</ins>
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
The
context
to
use
when
compacting
the
flattened
<code>
input
</code>
;
either
in
the
form
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>
or
as
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
If
<ins class="diff-new">not
passed
or
</ins>
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
is
passed,
the
result
will
not
be
compacted
but
kept
in
expanded
form.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="prmName">
options
</td>
<td class="prmType">
<code>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
</code>
</td>
<td class="prmNullFalse">
✘
</td>
<del class="diff-old">✘
</del>
<td class="prmOptTrue">
<ins class="diff-chg">✔
</ins>
</td>
<td class="prmDesc">
A
set
of
options
to
configure
the
used
algorithms
such.
This
allows,
e.g.,
to
set
the
input
document's
base
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri" href="#dfn-iri">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<del class="diff-old">callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
</del>
</table>
<div>
<em>
Return
type:
</em>
<code>
<a>
<del class="diff-old">void
flatten
This
method
is
the
same
as
the
flatten
method
defined
above
but
without
the
the
options
parameter:
Parameter
Type
Nullable
Optional
Description
input
JsonLdInput
✘
✘
The
JSON-LD
object
or
array
of
JSON-LD
objects
or
an
IRI
referencing
the
JSON-LD
document
to
flatten.
context
JsonLdContext
✔
✘
The
context
to
use
when
compacting
the
flattened
input
;
either
in
the
form
of
a
JSON
object
or
as
IRI
.
If
null
is
passed,
the
result
will
not
be
compacted
but
kept
in
expanded
form.
callback
JsonLdCallback
✘
✘
A
callback
that
is
called
when
processing
completed
successfully
on
the
given
input
,
or
a
fatal
error
prevented
processing
from
completing.
Return
type:
void
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Future
</ins>
</a>
</code>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
<del class="diff-old">typedef
(
object
or
object[]
or
DOMString
)
JsonLdInput
;
The
identifier
JsonLdInput
is
used
to
refer
to
the
(object
or
object[]
or
DOMString)
type.
</del>
</section>
<pre class="idl">
<span class="idlTypedef" id="idl-def-JsonLdContext">
typedef
<span class="idlTypedefType">
(
<a>
object
</a>
or
<a>
DOMString
</a>
)
</span>
<span class="idlTypedefID">
JsonLdContext
</span>
;
</span>
</pre>
<div class="idlTypedefDesc">
<p>
The
identifier
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdContext" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdContext
</code>
</a>
is
used
to
refer
to
the
<span class="idlTypedefType">
(object
or
DOMString)
</span>
type.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-jsonldoptions-type">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
11.2
</span>
<del class="diff-old">Callbacks
JSON-LD
API
Implementations
utilize
callbacks
in
order
to
exchange
information
in
an
asynchronous
manner
with
applications.
This
section
details
the
parameters
of
those
callbacks.
JsonLdCallback
The
JsonLdCallback
is
called
when
an
API
method
of
JsonLdProcessor
has
been
completed,
either
successfully
or
by
a
fatal
error.
callback
JsonLdCallback
=
void
(
JsonLdError
error
,
optional
(object
or
object[])
document
);
Callback
JsonLdCallback
Parameters
error
of
type
JsonLdError
If
the
value
is
null
,
then
no
issue
was
detected
during
processing.
Otherwise,
a
processing
error
was
detected
and
the
details
are
contained
within
the
error
object.
document
of
type
(object
or
object[])
The
processed
JSON-LD
document.
LoadContextCallback
</del>
The
<del class="diff-old">LoadContextCallback
defines
the
callback
that
custom
context
loaders
have
to
implement
to
be
used
to
retrieve
remote
contexts.
callback
LoadContextCallback
=
void
(
DOMString
url
,
ContextLoadedCallback
callback
);
Callback
LoadContextCallback
Parameters
url
of
type
DOMString
The
URL
of
the
remote
context
to
load.
callback
of
type
ContextLoadedCallback
The
callback
that
is
called
when
the
remote
context
has
been
successfully
loaded
or
an
error
preventing
its
loading
has
been
detected.
ContextLoadedCallback
The
ContextLoadedCallback
is
called
in
response
to
a
call
of
the
LoadContextCallback
.
callback
ContextLoadedCallback
=
void
(
JsonLdError
error
,
optional
DOMString
url
,
optional
DOMString
context
);
Callback
ContextLoadedCallback
Parameters
error
of
type
JsonLdError
If
the
value
is
null
,
then
no
issue
was
detected
during
processing.
Otherwise,
a
processing
issue
was
detected
and
the
details
are
contained
within
the
error
object.
All
errors
MUST
have
a
JsonLdErrorCode
of
loading
remote
context
failed
.
url
of
type
DOMString
The
final
URL
of
the
loaded
JSON-LD
context.
This
is
important
to
handle
HTTP
redirects
properly.
</del>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
<del class="diff-old">context
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">JsonLdOptions
</ins>
</code>
<del class="diff-old">of
type
</del>
<del class="diff-old">DOMString
</del>
</a>
<del class="diff-old">The
raw
content
of
the
retrieved
JSON-LD
context.
11.3
Data
Structures
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Type
</ins>
</h3>
<p>
<del class="diff-old">This
section
describes
datatype
definitions
used
within
the
JSON-LD
API.
JsonLdOptions
</del>
The
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
type
is
used
to
pass
various
options
to
the
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdProcessor" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdProcessor
</code>
</a>
methods.
</p>
<del class="diff-old">       {
</del>
    <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdOptions">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdOptions</span> {
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span>             <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-base">base</a></span>;</span>
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>boolean</a></span>                <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">compactArrays</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">true</span>;</span>
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code>LoadContextCallback</code></a></span>    <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext">loadContext</a></span>;</span>
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType">(<a>object?</a> or <a>DOMString</a>)</span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">expandContext</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">null</span>;</span>
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span>              <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">processingMode</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">"json-ld-1.0"</span>;</span>
};
</span>
</pre>
<section>
<h4 id="dictionary-jsonldoptions-members">
Dictionary
<a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdOptions">
<code>
JsonLdOptions
</code>
</a>
Members
</h4>
<dl class="dictionary-members">
<dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-base">
<code>
base
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a>
DOMString
</a>
</span>,
<ins class="diff-chg">nullable
</ins>
</dt>
<dd>
The
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
to
use
when
expanding
or
compacting
the
document.
<del class="diff-old">This
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">If
set,
this
</ins>
overrides
the
<del class="diff-old">value
of
</del>
input
<del class="diff-old">if
it
is
an
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">document's
</ins>
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>.
<del class="diff-old">If
not
specified
and
input
is
not
an
IRI
,
the
base
IRI
defaults
to
the
current
document
IRI
if
in
a
browser
context,
or
the
empty
string
if
there
is
no
document
context.
Feature
at
Risk
6
:
Default
value
of
base
member
in
JsonLdOptions
Note:
This
feature
is
&quot;at
risk&quot;
and
may
be
removed
from
this
specification
based
on
feedback.
Please
send
feedback
to
public-rdf-comments@w3.org
.
For
the
current
status
see
features
&quot;at
risk&quot;
in
JSON-LD
1.0
The
default
value
of
base
in
JsonLdOptions
implies
that
all
IRIs
that
cannot
be
compacted
otherwise
are
transformed
to
relative
IRIs
during
compaction.
To
avoid
that
data
is
being
lost,
developers
thus
have
to
store
the
base
IRI
along
with
the
compacted
document.
Based
on
implementer
feedback,
the
Working
Group
may
decide
to
change
the
default
value
to
null
,
meaning
that
IRIs
are
not
automatically
compacted
to
relative
IRIs.
</del>
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-compactArrays">
<code>
compactArrays
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a>
boolean
</a>
</span>,
defaulting
to
<code>
true
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
If
set
to
<code>
true
</code>,
the
JSON-LD
processor
replaces
arrays
with
just
one
element
with
that
element
during
compaction.
If
set
to
<code>
false
</code>,
all
arrays
will
remain
arrays
even
if
they
have
just
one
element.
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-expandContext">
<code>
expandContext
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a>
(object?
or
DOMString)
</a>
</span>,
defaulting
to
<code>
null
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
A
context
that
is
used
to
initialize
the
active
context
when
expanding
a
document.
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-loadContext">
<code>
loadContext
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType">
<code>
LoadContextCallback
</code>
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
The
callback
of
the
context
loader
to
be
used
to
retrieve
remote
contexts.
If
specified,
it
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>
be
used
to
retrieve
remote
contexts;
otherwise,
if
not
specified,
the
processor's
built-in
context
loader
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>
be
used.
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdOptions-processingMode">
<code>
processingMode
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a>
DOMString
</a>
</span>,
defaulting
to
<code>
<del class="diff-old">&quot;json-ld-1.0&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">"json-ld-1.0"
</ins>
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
If
set
to
<code>
json-ld-1.0
</code>,
the
JSON-LD
processor
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST">
MUST
</em>
produce
exactly
the
same
results
as
the
algorithms
defined
in
this
specification.
If
set
to
another
value,
the
JSON-LD
processor
is
allowed
to
extend
or
modify
the
algorithms
defined
in
this
specification
to
enable
application-specific
optimizations.
The
definition
of
such
optimizations
is
beyond
the
scope
of
this
specification
and
thus
not
defined.
Consequently,
different
implementations
<em class="rfc2119" title="MAY">
MAY
</em>
implement
different
optimizations.
Developers
<em class="rfc2119" title="MUST NOT">
MUST
NOT
</em>
define
modes
beginning
with
<code>
json-ld
</code>
as
they
are
reserved
for
future
versions
of
this
specification.
</dd>
</dl>
<del class="diff-old">JsonLdError
</del>
</section>
</section>
<section id="remote-context-retrieval">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
<ins class="diff-chg">11.3
</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
Remote
Context
Retrieval
</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
Developers
can
utilize
a
callback
to
control
how
remote
contexts
are
retrieved
by
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-ld-api-implementation" href="#dfn-json-ld-api-implementation"><ins class="diff-chg">
JSON-LD
API
Implementations
</ins></a>.<ins class="diff-chg">
This
section
details
the
parameters
of
that
callback
and
the
data
structure
used
to
return
the
retrieved
context.
</ins></p><section><h4 id="loadcontextcallback"><ins class="diff-chg">
LoadContextCallback
</ins>
</h4>
<p>
The
<a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType">
<code>
<ins class="diff-new">LoadContextCallback
</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-new">
defines
the
callback
that
custom
context
loaders
have
to
implement
to
be
used
to
retrieve
remote
contexts.
</ins></p><pre class="idl"><span class="idlCallback" id="idl-def-LoadContextCallback"><ins class="diff-new">
callback
</ins><span class="idlCallbackID"><ins class="diff-new">
LoadContextCallback
</ins></span><ins class="diff-new">
=
</ins><span class="idlCallbackType"><a><ins class="diff-new">
Future
</ins></a></span><ins class="diff-new">
(
</ins><span class="idlParam"><span class="idlParamType"><a><ins class="diff-new">
DOMString
</ins></a></span><span class="idlParamName"><ins class="diff-new">
url
</ins></span></span><ins class="diff-new">
);
</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="callback-loadcontextcallback-parameters"><ins class="diff-new">
Callback
</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback"><code><ins class="diff-new">
LoadContextCallback
</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-new">
Parameters
</ins></h5><dl class="callback-members"><dt id="widl-LoadContextCallback-url"><code><ins class="diff-new">
url
</ins></code><ins class="diff-new">
of
type
</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-new">
DOMString
</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-new">
The
URL
of
the
remote
context
to
load.
</ins></dd></dl></section><p><ins class="diff-new">
All
errors
</ins><em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"><ins class="diff-new">
MUST
</ins></em><ins class="diff-new">
result
in
the
</ins><a class="tref internalDFN" title="future" href="#dfn-future"><ins class="diff-new">
Future
</ins></a><ins class="diff-new">
being
rejected
with
a
</ins>
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdError
</code>
</a>
<ins class="diff-new">whose
code
is
set
to
</ins><code class="error"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed"><ins class="diff-new">
loading
remote
context
failed
</ins></a></code>.</p></section><section><h4 id="remotecontext"><ins class="diff-new">
RemoteContext
</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-new">
The
</ins><a href="#idl-def-RemoteContext" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
RemoteContext
</ins></code></a>
type
is
used
<ins class="diff-new">by
a
</ins><a href="#idl-def-LoadContextCallback" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-new">
LoadContextCallback
</ins></code></a>
to
<del class="diff-old">report
processing
errors
to
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">return
information
about
</ins>
a
<ins class="diff-chg">remote
context.
</ins></p>      <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-RemoteContext">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">RemoteContext</span> {<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-RemoteContext-url">url</a></span>;</span><span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-RemoteContext-context">context</a></span>;</span><ins class="diff-chg">
};
</ins></span></pre><section><h5 id="dictionary-remotecontext-members"><ins class="diff-chg">
Dictionary
</ins><a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-RemoteContext">
<code>
<del class="diff-old">JsonLdCallback
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">RemoteContext
</ins>
</code>
<del class="diff-old">.
</del>
</a>
<ins class="diff-chg">Members
</ins></h5><dl class="dictionary-members"><dt id="widl-RemoteContext-context"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
context
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
of
type
</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
DOMString
</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
The
raw
content
of
the
retrieved
JSON-LD
context.
</ins></dd><dt id="widl-RemoteContext-url"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
url
</ins></code><ins class="diff-chg">
of
type
</ins><span class="idlMemberType"><a><ins class="diff-chg">
DOMString
</ins></a></span></dt><dd><ins class="diff-chg">
The
final
URL
of
the
loaded
JSON-LD
context.
This
is
important
to
handle
HTTP
redirects
properly.
</ins></dd></dl></section></section></section><section id="error-handling"><h3><span class="secno"><ins class="diff-chg">
11.4
</ins></span><ins class="diff-chg">
Error
Handling
</ins></h3><p><ins class="diff-chg">
This
section
describes
the
datatype
definitions
used
within
the
JSON-LD
API
for
error
handling.
</ins></p><section><h4 id="jsonlderror"><ins class="diff-chg">
JsonLdError
</ins></h4><p><ins class="diff-chg">
The
</ins><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdError" class="idlType"><code><ins class="diff-chg">
JsonLdError
</ins></code></a><ins class="diff-chg">
type
is
used
to
report
processing
errors.
</ins>
</p>
      <pre class="idl"><span class="idlDictionary" id="idl-def-JsonLdError">dictionary <span class="idlDictionaryID">JsonLdError</span> {
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType"><code>JsonLdErrorCode</code></a></span> <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-code">code</a></span>;</span>
<span class="idlMember">    <span class="idlMemberType"><a>DOMString</a>?</span>      <span class="idlMemberName"><a href="#widl-JsonLdError-message">message</a></span> = <span class="idlMemberValue">null</span>;</span>
};
</span>
</pre>
<section>
<h5 id="dictionary-jsonlderror-members">
Dictionary
<a class="idlType" href="#idl-def-JsonLdError">
<code>
JsonLdError
</code>
</a>
Members
</h5>
<dl class="dictionary-members">
<dt id="widl-JsonLdError-code">
<code>
code
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdErrorCode
</code>
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dd>
a
string
representing
the
particular
error
type,
as
described
in
the
various
algorithms
in
this
document.
</dd>
<dt id="widl-JsonLdError-message">
<code>
message
</code>
of
type
<span class="idlMemberType">
<a>
DOMString
</a>
</span>,
nullable,
defaulting
to
<code>
null
</code>
</dt>
<dd>
an
optional
error
message
containing
additional
debugging
information.
The
specific
contents
of
error
messages
are
outside
the
scope
of
this
specification.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h4 id="jsonlderrorcode">
JsonLdErrorCode
</h4>
<p>
The
<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode" class="idlType">
<code>
JsonLdErrorCode
</code>
</a>
represents
the
collection
of
valid
JSON-LD
error
codes.
</p>
      <pre class="idl"><span class="idlEnum" id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode">enum <span class="idlEnumID">JsonLdErrorCode</span> {
<del class="diff-old">    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;&quot;
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-document-failed" class="idlEnumItem">loading document failed</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists" class="idlEnumItem">list of lists</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @index value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes" class="idlEnumItem">conflicting indexes</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @id value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid local context</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed" class="idlEnumItem">loading remote context failed</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context" class="idlEnumItem">invalid remote context</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion" class="idlEnumItem">recursive context inclusion</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI" class="idlEnumItem">invalid base IRI</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid vocab mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language" class="idlEnumItem">invalid default language</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition" class="idlEnumItem">keyword redefinition</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition" class="idlEnumItem">invalid term definition</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid IRI mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">cyclic IRI mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias" class="idlEnumItem">invalid keyword alias</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords" class="idlEnumItem">colliding keywords</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping" class="idlEnumItem">invalid container mapping</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid type value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid value object value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged string</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language-tagged value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid typed value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-set-or-list-object" class="idlEnumItem">invalid set or list object</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid language map value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists" class="idlEnumItem">compaction to list of lists</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property map</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid @reverse value</a>",
    "<a href="#idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value" class="idlEnumItem">invalid reverse property value</a>"
</ins>
};
</span>
</pre>
<table class="simple">
<tr>
<th colspan="2">
Enumeration
description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-document-failed">
loading
document
failed
</code>
</td>
<td>
The
document
could
not
be
loaded
or
parsed
as
JSON.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.list-of-lists">
list
of
lists
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
list
of
lists
was
detected.
List
of
lists
are
not
supported
in
this
version
of
JSON-LD
due
to
the
algorithmic
complexity
associated
with
conversion
to
RDF.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--index-value">
invalid
@index
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
<code>
@index
</code>
member
was
encountered
whose
value
was
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.conflicting-indexes">
conflicting
indexes
</code>
</td>
<td>
Multiple
conflicting
indexes
have
been
found
for
the
same
node.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--id-value">
invalid
@id
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
<code>
@id
</code>
member
was
encountered
whose
value
was
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-local-context">
invalid
local
context
</code>
</td>
<td>
In
invalid
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
was
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.loading-remote-context-failed">
loading
remote
context
failed
</code>
</td>
<td>
There
was
a
problem
encountered
loading
a
remote
context.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-remote-context">
invalid
remote
context
</code>
</td>
<td>
No
valid
context
document
has
been
found
for
a
referenced,
remote
context.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.recursive-context-inclusion">
recursive
context
inclusion
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
cycle
in
remote
context
inclusions
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-base-IRI">
invalid
base
IRI
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="base-iri" href="#dfn-base-iri">
base
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
has
been
detected,
i.e.,
it
is
neither
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
nor
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-vocab-mapping">
invalid
vocab
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="vocabulary-mapping" href="#dfn-vocabulary-mapping">
vocabulary
mapping
</a>
has
been
detected,
i.e.,
it
is
neither
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>
nor
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-default-language">
invalid
default
language
</code>
</td>
<td>
The
value
of
the
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="default-language" href="#dfn-default-language">
default
language
</a>
is
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
thus
invalid.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.keyword-redefinition">
keyword
redefinition
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
redefinition
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-term-definition">
invalid
term
definition
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property">
invalid
reverse
property
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
reverse
property
definition
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-IRI-mapping">
invalid
IRI
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="local-context" href="#dfn-local-context">
local
context
</a>
contains
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term" href="#dfn-term">
term
</a>
that
has
an
invalid
or
missing
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mapping
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.cyclic-IRI-mapping">
cyclic
IRI
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
cycle
in
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="iri-mapping" href="#dfn-iri-mapping">
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
mappings
</a>
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-keyword-alias">
invalid
keyword
alias
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
alias
definition
has
been
encountered.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-mapping">
invalid
type
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
<code>
@type
</code>
member
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
was
encountered
whose
value
could
not
be
expanded
to
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="absolute-iri" href="#dfn-absolute-iri">
absolute
<abbr title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">
IRI
</abbr>
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-mapping">
invalid
language
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
<code>
@language
</code>
member
in
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="term-definition" href="#dfn-term-definition">
term
definition
</a>
was
encountered
whose
value
was
neither
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
nor
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>
and
thus
invalid.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.colliding-keywords">
colliding
keywords
</code>
</td>
<td>
Two
properties
which
expand
to
the
same
keyword
have
been
detected.
This
might
occur
if
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keyword
</a>
and
an
an
alias
thereof
are
used
at
the
same
time.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-container-mapping">
invalid
container
mapping
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
<code>
@container
</code>
member
was
encountered
whose
value
was
not
one
of
the
following
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>:
<code>
@list
</code>,
<code>
@set
</code>,
or
<code>
@index
</code>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-type-value">
invalid
type
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
value
for
an
<code>
@type
</code>
member
has
been
detected,
i.e.,
the
value
was
neither
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
nor
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object">
invalid
value
object
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
with
disallowed
members
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-value-object-value">
invalid
value
object
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
value
for
the
<code>
@value
</code>
member
of
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="value-object" href="#dfn-value-object">
value
object
</a>
has
been
detected,
i.e.,
it
is
neither
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="scalar" href="#dfn-scalar">
scalar
</a>
nor
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="null" href="#dfn-null">
null
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-string">
invalid
language-tagged
string
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="language-tagged-string" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string">
language-tagged
string
</a>
with
an
invalid
language
value
was
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-tagged-value">
invalid
language-tagged
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="number" href="#dfn-number">
number
</a>,
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="true" href="#dfn-true">
true
</a>,
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="false" href="#dfn-false">
false
</a>
with
an
associated
language
tag
was
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-typed-value">
invalid
typed
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="typed-value" href="#dfn-typed-value">
typed
value
</a>
with
an
invalid
type
was
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-set-or-list-object">
invalid
set
or
list
object
</code>
</td>
<td>
A
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="set-object" href="#dfn-set-object">
set
object
</a>
or
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="list-object" href="#dfn-list-object">
list
object
</a>
with
disallowed
members
has
been
detected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-language-map-value">
invalid
language
map
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
value
in
a
<a class="tref externalDFN" title="language-map" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-syntax/#dfn-language-map">
language
map
</a>
has
been
detected.
It
has
to
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
string
</a>
or
an
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="array" href="#dfn-array">
array
</a>
of
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="string" href="#dfn-string">
strings
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.compaction-to-list-of-lists">
compaction
to
list
of
lists
</code>
</td>
<td>
The
compacted
document
contains
a
list
of
lists
as
multiple
lists
have
been
compacted
to
the
same
term.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-map">
invalid
reverse
property
map
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
reverse
property
map
has
been
detected.
No
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="keyword" href="#dfn-keyword">
keywords
</a>
apart
from
<code>
@context
</code>
are
allowed
in
reverse
property
maps.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid--reverse-value">
invalid
@reverse
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
value
for
an
<code>
@reverse
</code>
member
has
been
detected,
i.e.,
the
value
was
not
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="json-object" href="#dfn-json-object">
JSON
object
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code id="idl-def-JsonLdErrorCode.invalid-reverse-property-value">
invalid
reverse
property
value
</code>
</td>
<td>
An
invalid
value
for
a
reverse
property
has
been
detected.
The
value
of
an
inverse
property
must
be
a
<a class="tref internalDFN" title="node-object" href="#dfn-node-object">
node
object
</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section class="appendix informative" id="acknowledgements">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
A.
</span>
Acknowledgements
</h2>
<p>
<em>
This
section
is
non-normative.
</em>
</p>
<p>
A
large
amount
of
thanks
goes
out
to
the
JSON-LD
Community
Group
participants
who
worked
through
many
of
the
technical
issues
on
the
mailing
list
and
the
weekly
telecons
-
of
special
mention
are
Niklas
Lindström,
François
Daoust,
Lin
Clark,
and
Zdenko
'Denny'
Vrandečić.
The
editors
would
like
to
thank
Mark
Birbeck,
who
provided
a
great
deal
of
the
initial
push
behind
the
JSON-LD
work
via
his
work
on
RDFj.
The
work
of
Dave
Lehn
and
Mike
Johnson
are
appreciated
for
reviewing,
and
performing
several
implementations
of
the
specification.
Ian
Davis
is
thanked
for
his
work
on
RDF/JSON.
Thanks
also
to
Nathan
Rixham,
Bradley
P.
Allen,
Kingsley
Idehen,
Glenn
McDonald,
Alexandre
Passant,
Danny
Ayers,
Ted
Thibodeau
Jr.,
Olivier
Grisel,
Josh
Mandel,
Eric
Prud'hommeaux,
David
Wood,
Guus
Schreiber,
Pat
Hayes,
Sandro
Hawke,
<ins class="diff-new">Tab
Atkins
Jr.,
Anne
van
Kesteren,
Robin
Berjon,
Marcos
Caceres,
Boris
Zbarsky,
</ins>
and
Richard
Cyganiak
for
their
input
on
the
specification.
</p>
</section>
<div class="extLives">
</div>
<section id="references" class="appendix" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#references" rel="bibo:chapter">
<h2>
<span class="secno">
B.
</span>
References
</h2>
<section id="normative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#normative-references" rel="bibo:chapter">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
B.1
</span>
Normative
references
</h3>
<dl class="bibliography" about="">
<dt id="bib-DOM-WHATWG">
<ins class="diff-new">[DOM-WHATWG]
</ins></dt><dd rel="dcterms:requires"><ins class="diff-new">
Anne
van
Kesteren,
Aryeh
Gregor,
Ms2ger,
Editors.
</ins><cite><a href="http://dom.spec.whatwg.org/"><ins class="diff-new">
DOM
</ins></a>.</cite><ins class="diff-new">
April
2013.
WHATWG
Living
Standard
(work
in
progress).
URL:
</ins><a href="http://dom.spec.whatwg.org/"><ins class="diff-new">
http://dom.spec.whatwg.org/
</ins></a></dd>
<dt id="bib-IEEE-754-1985">
[IEEE-754-1985]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
IEEE.
<cite>
IEEE
Standard
for
Binary
Floating-Point
Arithmetic.
</cite>
URL:
<a href="http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html">
http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-JSON-LD">
[JSON-LD]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
Manu
Sporny,
Gregg
Kellogg,
Markus
Lanthaler,
Editors.
<cite>
<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld/">
JSON-LD
1.0
</a>.
</cite>
W3C
<del class="diff-old">Working
</del>
<ins class="diff-chg">Editor's
</ins>
Draft
(work
in
progress).
URL:
<del class="diff-old">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-json-ld-20130411/
.
The
latest
edition
is
available
at
http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/
</del>
<a href="http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld/">
<ins class="diff-chg">http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld/
</ins>
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RDF-MT">
[RDF-MT]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
Patrick
Hayes.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210">
<cite>
RDF
Semantics
</cite>
</a>.
10
February
2004.
W3C
Recommendation.
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-mt-20040210
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC2119">
[RFC2119]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
S.
Bradner.
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">
<cite>
Key
words
for
use
in
RFCs
to
Indicate
Requirement
Levels.
</cite>
</a>
March
1997.
Internet
RFC
2119.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC3986">
[RFC3986]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
T.
Berners-Lee;
R.
Fielding;
L.
Masinter.
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">
<cite>
Uniform
Resource
Identifier
(URI):
Generic
Syntax
(RFC
3986)
</cite>
</a>.
January
2005.
RFC.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC3987">
[RFC3987]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
M.
Dürst;
M.
Suignard.
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
<cite>
Internationalized
Resource
Identifiers
(IRIs)
(RFC
3987)
</cite>
</a>.
January
2005.
RFC.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC4627">
[RFC4627]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
D.
Crockford.
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
<cite>
The
application/json
Media
Type
for
JavaScript
Object
Notation
(JSON)
(RFC
4627)
</cite>
</a>.
July
2006.
RFC.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RFC5988">
[RFC5988]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
M.
Nottingham.
<cite>
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt">
Web
Linking
</a>.
</cite>
October
2010.
Internet
RFC
5988.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt">
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-WEBIDL">
[WEBIDL]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
Cameron
McCormack,
Editor.
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">
Web
IDL.
</a>
</cite>
19
April
2012.
W3C
Candidate
Recommendation
(work
in
progress).
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/
</a>.
The
latest
edition
is
available
at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-XMLSCHEMA11-2">
[XMLSCHEMA11-2]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:requires">
Henry
S.
Thompson
et
al.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">
<cite>
W3C
XML
Schema
Definition
Language
(XSD)
1.1
Part
2:
Datatypes
</cite>
</a>.
5
April
2012.
W3C
Recommendation.
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-xmlschema11-2-20120405/
</a>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="informative-references" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#informative-references" rel="bibo:chapter">
<h3>
<span class="secno">
B.2
</span>
Informative
references
</h3>
<dl class="bibliography" about="">
<dt id="bib-BCP47">
[BCP47]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:references">
A.
Phillips;
M.
Davis.
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47">
<cite>
Tags
for
Identifying
Languages
</cite>
</a>.
September
2009.
IETF
Best
Current
Practice.
URL:
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47">
http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-ECMA-262">
[ECMA-262]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:references">
<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">
<cite>
ECMAScript
Language
Specification,
Edition
5.1
</cite>
</a>.
June
2011.
URL:
<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">
http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-JSON-LD-TESTS">
[JSON-LD-TESTS]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:references">
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2013/json-ld-tests/">
JSON-LD
1.0
Test
Suite
</a>
</cite>.
W3C
Test
Suite
(work
in
progress).
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2013/json-ld-tests/">
http://www.w3.org/2013/json-ld-tests/
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-RDF11-CONCEPTS">
[RDF11-CONCEPTS]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:references">
Richard
Cyganiak,
David
Wood,
Editors.
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">
RDF
1.1
Concepts
and
Abstract
Syntax.
</a>
</cite>
15
January
2013.
W3C
Working
Draft
(work
in
progress).
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-rdf11-concepts-20130115/
</a>.
The
latest
edition
is
available
at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
</a>
</dd>
<dt id="bib-TURTLE">
[TURTLE]
</dt>
<dd rel="dcterms:references">
Eric
Prud'hommeaux,
Gavin
Carothers,
Editors.
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">
Turtle:
Terse
RDF
Triple
Language.
</a>
</cite>
19
February
2013.
W3C
Candidate
Recommendation
(work
in
progress).
URL:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-turtle-20130219/
</a>.
The
latest
edition
is
available
at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/
</a>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
</body>
</html>
